Yes, jacketed bullets can be paper patched.
I paper patch .458 diameter, 400 grain jacketed soft point hunting bullets to be used in my Martini Henry 577/450 sporter, and I have taken a lot of game with it over the last 20 years.
Paper patching .308 bullets up to .312, .313 or .314 should not be a problem.
The trick is finding the right thickness paper to do the job.
Gregg