I took one whitetail with the M1 Carbine and a handloaded 110 grain Speer "varminter" flat nose hollowpoint. The deer didn't seem to know it wasn't an '06. It was a broadside shot and left an exit wound larger than a quarter coin. It really doesn't take much to make a clean kill if you just pick your shots and don't squeeze until you're certain. I have no doubt that the .22 rimfire has killed more game than any centerfire cartridge, illegally yes, but dead is dead. I view the .30 carbine as about like a .22 rimfire magnum times three.
Here in Colorado some egghead decided that 1000 ft.lb. at 100 yards was the minimum for clean kills with a rifle, but handguns need only 550 ft.lb. at 50 yards. So a .357 magnum in a revolver is OK but a .357 Magnum rifle is not! Then for muzzleloaders they only require .50 caliber or larger for elk with no mention of energy. Go figure! I can attest that round ball muzzleloaders of .50 and .54 caliber will drop elk at 100 yards even though the .30 carbine round retains more energy at that distance. It all comes down to shot placement. That one item, shot placement, is so important that nothing else much matters. Where legal, I'd have no qualms in hunting with my M1 carbine.