The NE (and H&H) cartridges were developed for use in the tropics, and Cordite is a very temperature sensitive propellant. Hence these cartridges were loaded to far lower chamber pressures than were later cartridges (.458, etc.) using modern powders. To get the cartridge performance desired, the NE designers had to use cases with large capacity to generate the same muzzle energy, instead of using smaller cases loaded to high chamber pressures - this is the application of simple physics and cannot be argued.
Actually, they DID go to larger diameter cases with Cordite - the .505 Gibbs, .416 Rigby, etc. all have significantly larger case diameters than the H&H designs and cordite fits in them just fine. They were also very long, this to be able to generate the muzzle energies required....but they did require larger and more expensive actions. The H&H cartridges were designed to fit in "affordable" rifles so were of smaller diameters.
The .303 fired a bullet of smaller diameter at similar velocities to the 8x57J cartridge, yet it's case is slightly shorter than the German cartridge (2.22" vs 2.24"). The .303 fired a larger diameter bullet at similar velocities to the .30-40 Krag, yet it's case is also shorter. To say that "for it's velosity/bullet weight the case is very long" is to deny the existance of other contemporary late-19th century cartridges designed for the same purpose - which were longer than the .303.
My test score - 100%.
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