I will tell you full power loads with H-110 powder in my 12" T/C Encore 454 Casull are very manageable, but more severe then my 10" & 15" 7mm-08 Remington barrel with full loads with IMR-4064 and 140 grain bullets.
I would suggest the 308 Winchester, because in the short barrel, there isn't any measurable difference between the 308 Winchester and 30-06 Springfield, plus you can use less powder with the same results.
yooper77