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What drill bits to use for stainless and hardened carbon steel?

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Offline hansg/Ups

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I'm both refurburbishing and making some knives.They are stainless and hardened carbon steel.I need to open up/enlarge existing pin holes, create
holes for lanyard rings,drill new holes.Typical hole diameters=1/16",3/32",1/8",
1/4",3/8";thickness can vary from 1/16"to 3/8".
I have a 1/2" electric drill,with speed limited to 850rpm.I do use cutting oil.
What drill bits are suitable?
Thanks for the help.

Offline hillbill

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Re: drill bits for drilling stainless and hardened carbon steel?
« Reply #1 on: July 04, 2008, 03:20:40 PM »
in my experience, drill bit quality is related directly to how much yu pay for them.ive had good luck with ones i buy off the snap on truck. but then he will replace the broken ones for free.stainless is a beeatch, go slow and take yur time.

Offline Hairtrigger

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Re: drill bits for drilling stainless and hardened carbon steel?
« Reply #2 on: July 04, 2008, 03:42:25 PM »
I don't work with stainless everyday but I do use it some. I have always used my normal HS drills with plenty of cutting oil. Now that I am thinking about it I have drilled stainless with my holesaw bits also... using more oil than usual since I can't sharpen those.

Offline stimpylu32

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Re: drill bits for drilling stainless and hardened carbon steel?
« Reply #3 on: July 04, 2008, 05:43:47 PM »
Most of your better metal cutting bits will work if you fallow these 2 rules , 1 - use plenty of cutting oil and 2 - cut SLOW , stainless is a very hard metal and the harder the material the slower you need to drill it .

I work with quite a bit of stainless and have found even the cheap ( odd lots ) bits will work if I do it properly . It does not take much to smoke the tip of a bit when drilling this material so take your time and try to keep the drill speed down to around 300 RPM if you can .

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Offline PaulS

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Re: drill bits for drilling stainless and hardened carbon steel?
« Reply #4 on: July 05, 2008, 06:30:09 PM »
On hardened steel I have and use carbide drills. If it is not real hard the drills will catch and snap but in hard materials you cut slow with a lot of pressure and good cooling.
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Offline tn_junk

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Re: drill bits for drilling stainless and hardened carbon steel?
« Reply #5 on: July 06, 2008, 03:39:07 AM »
I second the carbide bits.
You can use cheaper carbide tipped bits for masonry drilling. You have to be very careful with speeds/feeds, and a bit will last only one or two holes because the carbide is a softer and tougher grade than the carbide that solid carbide bits are made from. Also be aware that some stainless steels work harden if you aren't agressive enough with the feed rate. Too slow can be almost as bad as too fast.

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Offline ihuntbucks

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Re: drill bits for drilling stainless and hardened carbon steel?
« Reply #6 on: July 06, 2008, 12:38:03 PM »
Carbide bits (diamond)if you can afford them.Moderate speed,take your time and lots of coolant like "Tap Magic" darn good stuff.I've used it for over 30 years.GL.........Rick
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Offline 30WCF

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Re: drill bits for drilling stainless and hardened carbon steel?
« Reply #7 on: July 06, 2008, 02:46:48 PM »
These work, I've drilled through hardened 440C, ATS 34, and D2 with them. You really need a drill press and they need to spin around 2000 rpm. Your basicly grinding through.
http://rodmanandcoinc.com/rodmanandcoinc.com/item04c5-2.html?UCIDs=1307321%7C1307323&PRID=1492961

Offline HL

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Re: drill bits for drilling stainless and hardened carbon steel?
« Reply #8 on: July 10, 2008, 08:14:54 AM »
If it's an already heat treated blade, you will, at the least need to use a bit with an RC hardness of 64. The same type bit used for receivers.

A high carbon, vanadium, or anything other than a carbide bit made to cut hardened steel, will just burn up.

But like it is stated above, you will need to use a drill press and do not use it above the recommended rpm's. Carbide bits are brittle, even though they will cut through hardened steel, they will break if both pieces are not secure and not run properly. That I have experienced.


If you have access to a furnace and know the composition of the blades you are working with, the easiest thing to do would be to anneal the blade, drill the holes with a standard HS bit and then re-heat treat. Just my .02

Offline DeckH

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Re: drill bits for drilling stainless and hardened carbon steel?
« Reply #9 on: July 23, 2008, 12:19:13 PM »
I agree with HL.  It is possible to spot anneal at the site of the existing hole if you want to enlarge it.   You use a torch with a fine tipped flame.  You then have to place the blade in a suitable medium and let it slowly cool down(anneal).   Use a large container filled with vermiculite.
                Suggestion---If you already have holes in the blades why not reduce the diameter of your pin material, ie. chuck it up in your drill , use emery cloth and spin your pins against the emery cloth.

Offline Joel

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Re: drill bits for drilling stainless and hardened carbon steel?
« Reply #10 on: July 24, 2008, 03:56:00 AM »
If you also intend to make knives, then a drill press is just about imperative.  I know;  I ruined several blades when I first started by drilling various holes off center.  When you go to slide a pin through two layers of scales, plus the tang, those holes had best line up properly or you're in trouble. For drilling any type of soft(untreated) steel, be it stainless or carbon, just about any type of drill will work.  I use HSS bits mainly because they last longer.  For this type of drilling slow speed(my drillpress runs at 540 rpm at it's lowest setting) and cutting oil work fine.  You can drill without the cutting oil at slow speeds, but your drill bit life gets short.

For hardened steel you can use carbide drills, masonary drills, or glass drills. I only have one carbide drill, 1/8" spade tipped, and rarely use it; which is why I still have it. ONLY spade tipped drills work properly/last when cutting knife metals. They are properly used at high speeds(varies with the bit) and a lot of oil.  But they are fragile.  They are also limited in depth.  My 1/8" drill is not recommended for drilling more than twice it's diameter; since I never use a steel thicker than 1/8" that works for me. Given a choice between masonary or glass drilling bits(both of which are carbide tipped), the glass bits are better shaped, and usually more precisely made.  As someone in one of the posts pointed out, you are essentially grinding through the metal rather than drilling.  You can find them at True Value or Lowe's.

I learned a long time ago from a guy named Bob Engnath to use Number and Letter drills rather than standard sizes in knifemaking.  Trying to fit a 1/8" pin through a 1/8" hole can be downright frustrating. If the pin is even microscopically larger than the hole, it gets even more trying...especially if you want to use softer pins like copper or copper mosaics; or are using a fairly soft/fragile handle material...it will crack if you're not careful.   Ruined a few handles that way.  There are presses you can buy that will do it much better than using a hammer, but they can run into bucks.
Number/Letter drills tend to be slightly larger in diameter than standard ones.  I use a #30 for 1/8" holes(two thousandths larger) and an "F" drill for 1/4" holes(.257). I personally would rather fit a pin covered with epoxy or super glue into a hole than press/pound one in. The trouble with peening pins is that if you peen too much you create a lot of permanent stress between the pin and the handle material..i.e. the pin keeps "pushing" against the material since by peening too much it needs to expand.  Eventually the pin usually wins and you end up with cracks around the holes. Might take a while, but it WILL happen; how long depends on the hardness of the scales and how much pressure you've created by over expanding the pin.  When using the slightly larger diameter number/letter drills to make your holes, the slight difference between the smaller pin and the very slightly larger hole disappears when you finish the handle, since when you sand the pins/bolts you get an effect called "smearing".  You can't even tell.  I used to be able to buy number/letter drills around here, but that "old fashioned" hardware store closed, and now I order them from the Knifemaking supply houses.  Sheffields and Jantz carry them; I'm sure others do also