Reverse electrolysis will remove all that rust with minimal effort on your part, and leave all the good metal behind.
It's a fairly simple process. I use it to restore old kerosene lanterns. The rust comes off, but any remaining tin plating is left behind unharmed.
All you need is a battery charger, a tank big enough to submerge the barrel in, and some wire, scrap steel, and washing soda. You could probably remove all that rust in a week or two with no more than a daily wire brushing of loose rust and the anode (scrap steel)
If you are interested in details, let me know.