I have spent a considerable amount of time in Afghanistan.. most of it in Kabul and Bagram.. but have also spent time out west in Herat province, down south near Kandahar, east around Jalalabad, and in central Afghanistan tooling around in Logar.. I started going to Afghanistan in 2004, spent most of 2007 there, and then made frequent trips back in 2008, 2009, and made one trip in 2010 (I have not traveled there this year).
Depending on where you are in the country.. Afghans can actually be fairly tolorant people.. The Tajiks for example (predominantly in the north) pretty much dont trust anyone.. and simply want to be left alone.. As long as you arent screwing with them.. they could care less about what you do.. as a general rule they are FIERCELY opposed to the Taliban.. hate AlQ and all Arabs.. and very appreciative of what the US has done.. I imagine you could build all the Christian churches you want in the Panshir valley (where the Tajiks live) and no one would care.. you just wouldnt have anyone show up for Sunday services.. they are all Muslim.. and for the most part have no interest in our religious beliefs..
The Pastun (predominantly in the east and the south.. but they are the majority of the population and are all over the country) on the other hand are a mixed lot.. the Taliban are Pastun.. Pastuns are also the predominant tribe/group in Pakistan all along the Afghan border.. there are some Pastun are employed by US firms (to include the US military).. that are not only trustworthy, but are somewhat "westernised" after a 10 year presence of US troops.. they wear western clothes, like western food, watch western TV, speak decent english, etc..
that said.. the Pastun are also the group that as a whole is the most intolorant of the west.. this is where most of the "fundamentalists" come from.. this is where the Taliban come from.. etc.. if you build a church in Pastun areas.. expect it to be burned to the ground.. the question is not a matter of IF.. it is a matter of WHEN..
There are other tribes/groups in Afghanistan as well.. with varying degrees of tolorance/intolorance...
It is also important to understand that often, acts of violence in Afghanistan have little or nothing to do with religion (although religion is often a convienient excuse or cover up).. many (most) acts of violence against groups other than the miliary are about drugs and/or money..
screw with the opium trade in any way (to include telling someone it is religiously wrong to grow, process, or use drugs).. and you are going to get a visit from some very angry afghans..
MOST Afghans are not nearly as religiously motivated as you might think.. like many "Christians" in the US that go to church every Sunday, but dont really practice what they claim to believe (its more of a show than it is a way of life..).. MOST Afghans go to "church".. but really are not hard core "believers"..
for that matter, a large number of "Taliban" arent associated with that group because of their religious fundamentalism or beliefs so much as it is about empowerment and protection for their other endeavors (drug trade and other criminal acts)..
I can assure you that religious differences between the Afghan people and the west are only one of many issues.. Their views on society, law, right vs. wrong, etc.. are completely different in many areas as well..
If anyone expected a 2000+ year old culture to change in 10 years and become totally accepting that "our" way is the "right" way of doing things (whether we are talking religion, values, laws, or even how to wipe your butt after a bowel movement (yes.. they do this differently...)).. you were sadly mistaken..
Give them another 10 years of exposure to everything they consider "bad" about the west (ipods, monster trucks, fast food,the internet, etc).. and we'll have them "conquered"...
it wont be a military operation or the building of baptist churches that does it though.. (although having the military on the ground brings in the ipods, ford trucks, burger king, and DSL connections..that will ultimately "convert" them to our way of thinking...)....
they have to WANT what we have to offer first.. then they MIGHT be open to other things western (like religious tolorance)..
they dont WANT the Bible.. any more than you want the Koran right now..
some of them are addicted to Katy Perry and Ozzy Osbourne though.. by next year even more will be having midnight cravings for quarter pounders with cheese and greasy french fries...
progress is being made...