Only problems I can see from a design standpoint are the groove on the bbl at the breech and (maybe) a too thin wall near the muzzle. The bore in the plug was probably designed as a powder chamber; wall thickness seems enough.
Victor,
Like you, a reduced powder chamber in the breech plug is one of the first things that came to mind, but here are a few things I find problematic about it. The vent: It would have to be drilled through the threads on the plug, and its placement on the tube would be in the area where that
decorative groove was cut. How would he align the vent, would the plug be tightened hard or just snugged up to align the two channels? Would heavy use of the cannon, and wear on the threads eventually lead to a misalignment of the two vent channels?
Dependent on what flavor of steel it's made of (4140, 416R, etc.), I would agree with you that the wall thickness at the breech is fine; so why didn't the maker just leave the plug solid, and bore the vent down through the smooth surfaced single thickness of the tube.
That groove/channel on the tube by the breech that you mentioned: Why in the world would someone take away all that metal in such a critical area?
You and I have both seen cases of fine machinists making some
unorthodox artillery pieces, simply because of ignorance of the subject matter, but so many things on this barrel just don't make sense to me.