I'm not overly surprised by that video. Most .410 single shots like the one they used were made on 12ga frames and the exterior dimensions of the barrel were the same as that of a 12ga at the breach end making for incredibly thick chamber walls. The muzzle end were usually pretty stout also probably so that the gun would balance half way decently and I probably to some degree for aesthetic reasons. Have you never fired .410 slugs threw a full choke (the most common configuration) .410 shotgun?
My guess is that the receivers locking mechanism would fail before the barrel burst.