Standard Deviation defines the velocity spread for subsequent rounds of one load. If you shoot a string of rounds which you have loaded the same, they will not all be the same velocity (even with your best reloading practices). The chrony figures the differant velocities and gives you the deviation in velocity, of that group of rounds fired, expressed as the standard deviation from one round to another in that group. The loads showing a smaller, or lower standard deviation are generally more desireable as consistancy usually improves accuracy.