I only have one comparison that I personally can vouch for. I shot a friend's .458 Win, on a custom Mauser action, and I once owned a Ruger #1 Tropical in the same .458 Win.
From my recollection, both kicked like mules! I really can't say that one kicked worse than the other, because at some point recoil hurts, and after that I can't register how much! Both were no fun to shoot for me, and I sold my .458 Ruger #1.
I now have a Ruger #1 in .45-70, on the Lyman Centennial version, and even with heavy .45-70 loads, it's a much more comfortable gun to shoot!
I don't own any bolt actions other than my .30-06, and .22-250, so I have no comparison for them. All my others are either old Marlin levers, or old single shots.