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References Scroll down aways and you find the info you are looking for as far as ball and bore dimensions go.
There is no "spec" for the powder chamber. The typical welding tank bowling ball mortar has a fairly small powder chamber. If you use the recommended formula for minimum breech dimensions you could have a powder chamber that is 1/3 the diameter of the total diameter of the barrel at the breech. (Barrel wall thickness at the breech shall be no less than one caliber.)
In theory if you had a barrel 10 inches in outside diameter. You could have a powder chamber 3 1/3 inches in diameter. That is a big powder chamber.
I haven't got my hands on a welding tank yet to measure the powder chamber. In fact that is one of the mysteries we have explored on this board. Which welding gas tank is the right tank? The O2 tank is a hair to small!