The .30-40 Krag case has more internal volume but it is a 40,000CUP cartridge. The .308 Marlin is rated in PSI but is probably a bit higher. (I think its 43,500PSI like the 450Marlin.)
The Krag also has a longer acceptable COL, which means the heavy bullets won't intrude on case capacity as much.
What this means for the .308 Marlin and velocities with the heavy bullets I don't know. My guess is that the Marlin would be close enough, one way or another, it wouldn't matter.