You speak of moving the shoulder of a .30/30 forward. As in same angle, shorter neck or sharper shoulder? Mr. Mashburn used 45 degree shoulders, about the limit. Small powder capacity gain. Alot less brass flow into the neck, longer case life.
.375 is a newer case on the .30/30 rim overall size, supposedly stronger, as in MORE brass. That means less powder capacity inside. When you use a new gun with the stronger case, a little higher pressure to get the equal performance, no big deal.
As you observe, the .30/30 is smaller in diameter than the .307, ergo getting the same powder capacity is a challenge. Sharp shoulder and real short neck? Maybe.
Mr. Ackley wrote that the .30/40 Krag Improved equaled FACTORY .300 H&H Magnum loads easily and safely. Wtih study, you understand. With impatience and the hottest .300 H&H load you have ever heard of, you blow your fool head off. i). This was NOT in Krag actions-- one lug and OLD! ii). .300 H&H was not loaded hot for use in places that are hot, India, Africa... so equalling it, well, like current .30/'06 loads, some. iii). Winchester and other single shots were being given away. De Haas writes of rifles with wood case, velvet lined and tools for $15.00. [And today --when book was written-- he is condemned for ruining the collector value by bushing the firing pin and re barreling to something newer, say .219 Don Wasp. Another "son" of the .30/30]
Mr. Brown of eabco.com has worked extensively with the "Don Wasp" thinking in building match winning guns, pistol and rifle. You should see what he has for you to learn.
Mr. A said that the .30/30 Imp about equaled factory .300 Savage loads. O.K. Sharp the shoulder some more. Shorten the neck. You will headspace on the rim, so that is fixed. You might approach the .307 case capacity and with a little extra pressure, a slower powder...
Your toy, but I don't see a swarm of followers to "have one too." As I suggested, the .303 Epps line, formed with counsel from Mr. Ackley, ... Put a .303 Imp (with a .308 barrel if you like, original P14 barrels were 5 groove and the ones I measured --with a friend-- appear to be .307. We were sober.) in a P-14 and you will leave all the .30/30's behind. Or Mr. Brown's single shot...
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Your bucks. Luck.