Casul.
I have already shot a homemade wooden arrow a few times. When I was hunting this year, I could never come up with a way to decock the bow at the end of the day, don't have room to haul a target, so I made a few wooden arrows out of 3/8 " doweling from the lumber yard. 38 specials for blunt points. They were well worth the trouble to make, just for that purpose. I thought that they would break pretty often on impact so I made a few, but the same bolt survived 4 or 5 unloadings. It hit the tree hard enough that my 38 case would imbed in the bark, so I had to replace it.
I figured that the back of the bolts would be vulnerable to splitting so I reduced the diameter of the shaft there a very small amount, and then whipped the area with thread. Then I coated the whipping and back end of the bolt with epoxy which I trued up on a sander when it had hardened. It is a lot of work to harden the bolt knock like this, I am hoping to find a source of plastic nocks for wooden bolts.
Ancient crossbows were said to be very powerful, and I assume they shot wooden bolts. They had the knowledge to make the nocks safe. I think mankind has lost lots of useful technology.