Not sure how far, but I held an estimated 6' high with my .220 swift and 52gr HP at 3900 fps. I really didn't know I had hit the chuck, but I did notice he was no longer moving / feeding as he had been previously. After a while, I decided I had gotten him. After a long walk I confirmed...dead chuck.
This was in the days before ranger finders and mil dot scopes...just lots of shooting and Kentucky windage.
Silvertp