The 158 was available in 30-30, 22 Hornet and a couple other low pressure rifle chamberings, so if you can get a modern barrel in one of the original chamberings, you should be fine. I've had only one M158, modern barrels would have taken a lot of work to get them to fit, the underlug was a LOT longer, maybe too long to be practical, but others have made the mix of parts work, I think those old cast iron H&R Inc frames had a lot of tolerance in their specs, much more than modern SB2 frames.
Tim