.38 Super will chamber in some .357's. Super brass is thicker than .357 mag brass by about .005" so it's a tight fit if they fit at all. Supers do chamber in my .357 Freedom Arms, but I haven't pulled the trigger on that. Supers will not fit my .357 Handi Rifle.
Supers do fit my T/C G2 .357 mag (custom MGM barrel) and shoot well, but low. Extraction was sticky, and sometimes I need to pry them out.
If they (.38 Super) chamber in your snubby, they will probably work, there is enough of a rim to headspace on, but I wouldn't do it. They may really stick in the chambers, and with the small rims, extraction might be tough.
I wouldn't attempt it with the tapered, rimless 9X23. I don't imagine they will even chamber with their wide base.