If you practice lots, the cartridge is capable of shots to 175 yards. I've seen it done at 225. The problem is not with the cartridge's ability, its hitting the kill zone at that range with the iron sights on most of the carbines, and with the lack of shooting practice that a lot of hunters do.
It does require practice, and lots of it.
The average guy used to scoped bolt guns should probably stay under 125yds.
Using a Remington 150 grain core lokt I put down a large shepherd size dog at 600 yards with my little carbine, resting it on a fence post. That was a lot of years ago, and the dog was raiding my brother in laws sheep in BC. His 30-06 jammed, or I would not have tried it, the shot was pure guess work on my part, we didn't know the range until we paced it off. The bullet was recovered, and it had just barely mushroomed.