Sounds like someone used a cold blue product that after rusts unless treated.. OxphoBlue from Brownells doesn't need a perfectly clean surface to work and helps fight after rusting and comes with application instructions.. It is very tough and won't come off with cleaning. The Pilkington product is also sold by Brownells and comes with instructions(used to anyway) in it's use. All that's needed is a metal pan sufficient to hold the barreled action, steel wool and applicator pads(will also need water to fill the pan. I recommend distilled. I use pads sold at WalMart for womens make up removal.. They fit all my criteria, cheap, easy to use and little cleanup.. After any bluing process allow the newly applied blue to set a few days, oiled down, to harden, then heat and wax to protect..