I've been reloading commercially available cast bullets for a few years now, and here's what I've learned.
There's a great deal of talk about bullet hardness, velocity, and leading. My experience has shown me that the most critical factor in eliminating leading is bullet fit. A cast bullet needs to be .001"-.002" larger than the bore in order to seal correctly.
I can't comment on gas checks, I've never dealt with them.
The vast majority of my cast loads have been .38/.357, but I've done a fair amount of .45-70 and a few .30-30. The .45-70 works very well with cast bullets, I use 25 gr of AA5744 with plain based 405 gr made by Missouri Bullet Co with a velocity of around 1300 FPS and no leading. The .45-70 loads like a big pistol cartridge, very easy and forgiving.
The .30-30 was a little more tricky, in that I had to buy a universal neck flaring tool in order to keep from shaving lead when I seated the bullet. I was using bullets sized at .309" at around 1900 FPS and they leaded my Micro-Groove bore like crazy. The accuracy was attrocious, it turns out I needed to have bullets sized at .311". Live and learn.
The .38 was by far the easiest to load for, very well suited to cast bullet use. I use 3.0 gr of Bullseye and end up with a comfortable, accurate round.
For my .357 rounds I use the same bullet as my .38, a 158 gr RNFP sized to .358" made by Dardas. I use it for both my revoler and levergun. My powder charge is 13.5 gr of AA#9 with a regular small pistol primer, not a magnum primer. It works well in both. I get a very small amount of leading with my revolver but none with the levergun. I suspect the Taurus has a little bit looser bore than the Marlin.
I can't coment on the .308 or .303 as I've never dealt with those rounds, and I am by no means an expert onn any of this. These are merely my experiences, posted with the intent of possibly helping you out. Good luck with you cast bullet endeavors.
GH1