My $.02:
Don't just think in terms of two-dimensions when you're trying to edit pics to post or email.
If you have a choice between GIF, TIFF, JPEG, use JPEG, it has better compression. Also, check to see that whatever software you are using has it turned on. On the program I use you allows you to vary the amount of compression, so don't just assume that because you are using a compressed format that the output is compressed.
Don't stick to a standard size. If you are taking a picture of a longun for instance, crop it wide and short if your not interested in the backdrop.
Most compression algorithms rely on repeatability, the more of a certain value you have the more it can be compressed. What this means in this context is: don't shoot your subjects against a noisy background if you can avoid it. A noisy background is one that has a lot of random color and gradations of color in it. A checkerboard tablecloth looks busy but it has only two colors, a Christmas tree on the other hand has bright lights, different colors, different shades. Therefore, if you want to take a picture of a firearm for instance that Santa bought you, better to lay it on a nice solid tablecloth than to hold it in front of the tree if you want the smallest picture.
Digital pictures are 3 dimensional. They have a color depth. If you can save your image in thousands of colors instead of millions, without losing anything, you can keep the size smaller.