Were getting side tracked as to original OP , but what the heck , I have a few minutes ,
Lets just take one of your examples abouve regarding Double or triple taxation claim.
Paying multiple taxes on mutual funds is an owners error.
MWD invests $10,000 into a mutual fund that pays a 100 dollar annual dividend. MWD automatically reinvests the dividend and the fund gives him more shares. At tax time each year, MWD must pay taxes on the $100 he earned that year. If MWD did this for 10 years, total earned in dividends is $ 1k. At the end of the 10 years, his fund would be worth $11k. (his $10K initial investment , plus 1k dividend reinvestment. If MWD cashed out, he would get a check for 11k and owe nothing in taxes because he had already paid them.
But MWD has forgot he already paid taxes each year on the dividends and when he sells his fund and get their check for $11k he also receives a 1099 stating that amount (it’s called gross proceeds). If MWD's CPA asks How much did you invest ? and MWD says 10K and therefore 1k gets recorded as profit on Schedule D (he just screwed himself ) and end up paying taxes on that 1k profit all over again!
What MWD did wrong . He believes amount invested is the amount initially sent to the fund. But the IRS says all reinvested dividend and capital gain distributions count as “investments,” so MWD should told CPA 11k and the proceeds would not have been double taxed.
Don't believe ? ask your tax adviser.