I put a post up here titled "Improper Sizing Die Adjustment".. My dad had the exact same issue with a .250 Savage Ruger M-77 RL. His handloads and reloads wouldn't chamber in the gun. I have that same rifle AND the same dies he swore to be defective in my possession now and I have no trouble making reloads or handloads from new, unprimed brass that chamber in the rifle as they should.
The diminsion that might be causing you grief is the body / shoulder junction. I think the taper of the .250 Savage / .22-250 makes the cases less tolerant of "growth" in this area. That was the problem my dad had. It was visible after forcing the bolt closed and ejecting cases he resized in the form of severe burnishing at the body / shoulder junction. The cause was having his sizing die adjusted too deep by more than a full turn. I can duplicate the problem my dad had by simply screwing the sizing die he used a turn and a half or so deeper in my press.
If you try to push the shoulder too far back on a .250 Savage case, it causes that body / shoulder junction area to enlarge and I think that's due to the amount of body taper that case has. I do know that with a .250, die adustment doesn't seem to leave as much room for "fudge factor" as I seem to have with .30-30, .30-'06, .308, and even my son's .303 Brit.
If I don't have the die in enough, I don't get adequate neck tension. Turn it in too much, and the body / shoulder junction swells. And since the chamber has the same taper, a little swelling in that area that wouldn't have much effect on a straighter-sided case like an -'06 does with the .250. I suspect it does with a .22-250 as well, since it has the same body taper.
If the brass was fired in a max diminsion chamber and your rifle is a min diminsion chamber, your sizing die, even if properly adjusted, might not make ammo out of that which will chamber in your gun. Rare, but it happens.
If it were me, I'd get some new, unfired and unprimed brass and set my full lenght sizer following the instructions on Sierra Bullets website that used to (and may still have) in their loading manuals. I'd also lube the case necks to make sure that the expander ball isn't pulling the shoulder slightly out of shape on the downstroke of the ram's travel.
JP