I use wallnut hulls with nothing else. I've been happy wit the results, although I know there are other options. I've tried sumac, but didn't get good results with it. As far as wax goes, I use a seporate container. I tried the method of mixing it with the dye, but the wax flaked. It was quality wax, but It seemed the wet steel didn't want to take the wax evenly. I switched over to dying and then letting the traps dry, then dip in the wax pot and leave in the wax for a minute so that its an even light coat.