A lot depends on what the action is and what you want to do. Your best suggestion is the .38-55. It's appropriate for the strength of the rolling block blackpowder action. The .33 and the .405 are not safe for any rolling block if loaded to factory type pressures. I think for safety, either now or in the future when a less knowledgeable person might own the gun, it is not responsible to chamber a rifle for a cartridge that is too powerful for it, even if you load it down while you own it.
Post a description of the action, with patent dates off the tang if possible, and we can give you a better idea of the action strength.
The 35's have some historical cartridges that will work, namely the 35-30 maynard. There's a fellow on the MSN BPCR group that is hot for this cartridge now.
I personally like the .45's and .50 cartridges in the rolling block, I'm working on a .50-110 for myself now. I posted pictures on the MSN BPCR site. I have three .50 cal rolling blocks, and a .45-90.
Another fun cartridge for the rolling block is the .44-40. Another couple are the .32-20 or .25-20. If you have the #5 smokeless action, the .22 hornet, .25 hornet is appropriate.
Thing to keep in mind here is rimmed cartridge of the blackpowder era, with pressures 25,000 psi or under with case full of powder. The absolute best is to shoot only blackpowder or nonmagnum pistol cartridges. A double charge of smokeless in these rifles can be deadly, and they're dangerous with moderately loaded smokeless anyway.
dave