Brad, read the sticky "Cleaning and hand lapping our Handis"....it has everything you need to know. Lapping is just a quicker and less expensive way of breaking the bore in with less shooting and cleaning which is the other way to break in a bore. After hand lapping the bore, great accuracy can be achieved as soon as immediately to as much as 40-100 rounds. If just shooting and cleaning, you can expect to shoot upwards of 200 rounds before the bore settles down to consistent accuracy. The last 2 bores that I hand lapped, I got zero copper fouling out of after 40 rounds down range, and accuracy was excellent.