Can't speak to how all trimmers work but the two I have (Forster and RCBS) would pose no danger in trimming a primed case. After priming is NOT the correct sequence of events but at least with the trimmers I use isn't a dangerous operation either.
Correct sequence is inspect, clean, deprime, clean flash hole, trim, deburr inside and outside, inspect, prime, charge and load. Along the way on cases that must be lubed you have to remove the lube. I do this in a tumbler with corn cob media.
Tumbling powder is bad but really for reasons not yet mentioned more so than changing the size of powder grains. All powders have a burn deterent coating on them to give them the correct and desired burn rate. If in tumbling you remove the coating and you usually will then you've totally changed the burn rate of the powder. And ALWAYS to make it faster not slower burning. That is DANGEROUS.