For a rifle, the most efficient is the .25-20. For all .25-caliber cartridges then it is the .25 ACP. This isn't meant as a smart-a$$ response - the smaller the case capacity and the lower the bullet weight, the more efficient the cartridge is in fps/gr of powder.
.25 ACP.........448 fps/gr
.25-20...........159
.250 Sav..........71
.25-06.............57
.257 WBY........49
Now just take your pick of the efficiency you want....
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