not much but some
The 9mm parabellum (
especially the +P's) have nearly twice the energy of a 9mm Kurz (
.380ACP). The 9mm parabellum penetrates deeper and will expand MOST of the time while the 9mm Kurz penetrates less and will NOT expand most of the time. Additionally, the 9mm parabellum displaces, on averge, twice as much tissue as the 9mm Kurz based on tests performed on ordnance gelatin. Granted, ordnance gelatin is not EXACTLY the same thing as human tissue but it's the cloest thing we have because we can go around performing these test on humans.
So a 9mm parabellum is a considerable step up over the 9mm Kurz. The .40S&W has even superior stopping power. Looking at the below penetration & expansion comparisons ...
... I would say the the .40S&W, .357SIG and the .45ACP are about equal in terms of stopping power -- if it penetrates the same and expands the same and displaces the same amount of tissue, then the effects on the body are going to be the same.
PS: Just to add, I think that a .380ACP can get the job done but the larger calibers will obviously be more effective. Plus, I live in a very rural area where it isn't uncommon to see a fox, coyote, or even sometimes a wolf running through the neighborhood. While most of the time they tend to stay away from humans and even run away when we get near, if I ever encountered an aggressive one, I would prefer to have something bigger than a .380ACP -- at LEAST a .38 +P.