Most of my deer have been killed with a bow, but here are some my experiences.
Last year I killed a Coues whitetail at 330yrds using my 30-06 with 150GR sierra Pro-hunters loaded to about 2900FPS. I pulled the trigger and as I recovered from the recoil I saw the deer flip over backwards on the spot and never moved. I kept him in my scope for several minutes since he was way across a caynon and I was by myself. Never saw even a twitch at 12 power.
My cousin killed one on the same trip with 300WSM and 150 Ballistic silvertips in Wichester factory ammo. He hit it a tad high, but the deer ran about 20 yrds and dropped. His shot was just under 300yrds.
Killed an antelope at 250yds with 6.5x55 and 120 Nosler BTs. One step, antelope down. The bullet did come apart though, so I am done using them and will use a stouter bullet in the 6.5.
Father killed a Wyoming Muley with a 308 and 165 Nos BT, bullet punched right through, expanded nicely and the deer didn't move.
I used the 30-06 to kill a 450lb cow elk a few years ago using Hornardy 165s and they penetrated to the far hide. Even though she was going down, I put a second in her. Both bullets were side by side on the far skin, expanded fully. The shot was at 225 yrds. I am sure they would have punched right through any deer with good expansion.
All other Big game that myself or friends have killed were with a bow, so that is the extent of my limited experience with bullet performance.
Good Hunting,
Brian