The taxonomic record (above) is taken from Wilson and Reeder (1993). The African buffalo is the only extant member of the genus Syncerus. There are two extreme forms (savannah and forest types), which are commonly split into two or three subspecies: the large black savannah or Cape buffalo, Syncerus caffer caffer, the small reddish forest buffalo, S. c. nanus, and an intermediate form from West Africa, the Sudan buffalo S. c. brachyceros (Buchholtz, 1990; Kingdon, 1997). A fourth subspecies, S. c. mathewsi, the relict "mountain buffalo", is recognized by some authorities (see Kingdon, 1997),
while East (1999) splits the savannah buffalo into three subspecies, the west African S. c. brachyceros, the central African S. c. aequinoctialis, and the southern S. c. caffer, in addition to recognizing S. c. nanus as a separate group.
The long list of synonyms for Syncerus caffer includes adamauae, adametzi, adolfifriederici, aequinoctialis, athiensis, azrakensis, beddingtoni, bornouensis, brachyceros, bubuensis, centralis, corniculatus, cottoni, cubangensis, cunenensis, diehli, gariepensis, gazae, geoffroyi, houyi, hunti, hylaeus, limpopoensis, lomamiensis, massaicus, matthewsi, mayi, nanus, neumanni, niediecki, and nuni (Wilson and Reeder, 1993).