This issue seems to come up a fair bit but there are a number of factors to be considered when hunting at ANY distance, short or long:
- Cartridge & Rifle - the realities of ballistics and rifle construction are that some cartridges simply cannot shoot long distances and also that it is unfair to expect rifles of varying construction to shoot accurately at extreme distances. It should be added that it's also pretty unwise to use a super high powered rifle at very short ranges unless all you want is wanton destruction.
- Game Size & Build Characteristics - While a 140gn bullet from a 6.5 bullet may be able to hit a water buffalo at 400yds with MOA accuracy it is unlikely to penetrate on such an animal at that distance. A Whitetail or antelope however is quite a sensible option.
- Windage & Weather - no matter how well you can dope the wind there are days that no one short of an elite military sniper with a 50 cal rifle will ever be able to hit a target with certainty. So what is eminently possible one day may need to be passed up the next.
- Personal Experience & Capability - this counts for more than any of the other conditions. There is no substitute for practise.
I should point out that I'm more of a stalking hunter.
I prefer to get close and guarantee my shots count but if I was going change that approach I'd be buying or having a rifle built to specifics so I could guarantee success on long shots.
500yds is probably the outside of most people's capabilities on game, even with a lot of practise (
and I mean a LOT of practise) but all shots close or far count.
I've missed more very close shots on small targets than long ones.
BTW, I'm talking about game here.
Most of use, with practise, can hit a watermelon sized object @ 1000yds with a target rifle.
Problem is, game doesn't let you lay there for 15 minutes before you get psyched up for that amazing shot.
You've also got to carry the rifle in most of the time.
Oh, finally, there seems to be a misconception sometimes that if you can actually hit game at 600yds that the bullet will have some magical knockdown abilities.
If you shoot game at 150yds and the bullet hits at 1500fps and you shoot game at 600yds and the same sort bullet hits at 1500fps they will have IDENTICAL penetration and expansion characteristics.
But hey, if you own a 7mm RUM or 338 Lapua and can poleaxe elk at 700yds then all power to you.
I wish I had the skill and the dosh to afford the rig!