I read a study from a Texas A&M research project that said a dominate buck may breed up to twenty or more doe during the rut. The genetics from that buck are passed on to the off-spring. Of course, in a lot of cases, not only is the doe serviced by the dominate buck, she is also serviced by other bucks.
About 30 years ago my place was overrun with small doe, spike bucks, and a big buck was 4-6 pointer. There was little mass, and size to the anthers. On the advice of a game biologist, we established a program where we took nothing but spikes and older doe for about a five year period, we also started a supplemental high protein feeding program. At the end of five years you could see a marked difference in the quality of the herd. During this period I was also managing a 4600 acre plot next to my place, the management process was extended to this property as well. In addition, I persuaded several of the area ranchers to establish similar programs. Today we have a very nice herd of deer, racks are fairly large for this region, and bucks are plentifully, so taking a buck does not have any bearing on the quality of the herd, the genetics have been established and will continue to be passed on as long as some of the larger bucks survive a season. (We had pictures of a massive 14 pointer last year. I guess he is still there since no one killed him)
Growing up in the late 40s-early 50s, I am well aware of the shortage of deer in the US during that period, and the restriction on shooting doe to ensure survival of the species. In my area of the country, it was not only the deer, it extended to the turkey, raccoons, possums, squirrel, rabbits, and many birds. This was the aftermath of the great depression, and food rationing during WW II. Had it not been for wild game, our family would have gone without meat on the table. We raised a hog or two, and always had a milk cow, but beef was exceptionally scarce since most was being taken to support the war effort. To re-establish the wild game, limits and restrictions were placed on several species. I think the carry-over from those times is what established the "Buck Only" mentality in some people. Of course there are also those that are trophy hunters, (on an ego trip) and will only shoot the largest buck they can find.