I've occasionally cut chambers without a reamer, using boring bars only.
There are couple reasons that you might do this:
1. You desire a chamber that standard reamers won't cut. For instance, you might wish to size the chamber to fit a particular lot of brass that has one or more dimensions that checks several thousandths of an inch below SAAMI or CIP max.
2. You might by quoted a long delivery on the reamer you want. There are a finite number of reamer makers, here and there they are all busy.
Beyond this, why not just use the finish reamer to cut the chamber? Given care, (and as gunnut69 suggests, a good fitting floating pilot does indeed help in producing a near perfect chamber) there isn't a need to rough the chamber unless you're running production. Experience has taught me that here and there a roughed chamber can produce challanges when you go to finish it.
Bob