To us simple people the 2nd amendment means that the right of Americans to keep and bear arms was not to be ignored by government. The militia preamble to the operational clause, was meant to remind the Feds that a standing populace was armed and available to resist tyranny with unreasonable laws enacted. The arguments presented to these Justices by both sides have so twisted Websters Dictionary, Blacks Commentary of Law, and political correctness, so as to be unrecognizable. This is what these Justices will decide, as to enforcement of the 2 nd Amendment. The outcome will have no resemblance to the intent, as envisioned by the founding fathers. By looking at the States having an existing State Constitution at the time of the US Constitution, the term common defence (defense) is used frequently. But, by today's standard, this term indicates a militia connotation. The framers meant it for self defense, civic insurrection, hostile raids, foreign mercenary raids, and most importantly the means to resist a standing army to enforce government tyranny. Defense of the common mans fundamental Castle Doctrine. Not one of those issues was brought to the Justices attention in oral argument. The application of a firearms effectiveness in a military position in response to Miller decision, weighed heavily toward each position. But, and here is the loss, can individual rights to own, keep, and bear firearms as a fundamental right be limited for the sake of public safety, in opposition to other rights, like Miranda, illegal search and seizure, and restrictive carry. This point was not even alluded to in the arguments, as precedent bearing on any rights. All they discussed, was that what firearms types could be prohibited, while upholding a reasonable standard to comply with 2 nd. If handguns are restricted because other firearms are allowed, the next reasonable law could be to limit multiple repeating rifles to single shot, to shotguns, to cap and ball, to flintlock. They are all firearms and could be construed to meet the terms of the 2nd Amendment.