Varmint Al has some excellent information and analyses on actions and barrels...
http://www.varmintal.com/.
Most modern barrel are made of Chrome-moly steel and have fairly high yield strengths, 150,000-200,000 psi. Not always, but for the most part the bolt lugs will shear off before the receiver or barrel goes unless there are stress risers or cracks around the barrel threads.
Using a simple program I have and low yield, 125,000 psi and ultimate strength, 150,000 psi I came up with a burst pressure of roughly 77,000 psi for the .710/.145 numbers. Even a wall thickness of .100 was right at 50,000 psi burst pressure.
Consider the 45 and 50 Alaskan on a Marlin 336 action. Even after threading and considering the thin spot on the bottom of the barrel for mag tube clearance, there is still enough barrel meat, in the .100-.125" range, to handle pressures slightly over 40 KPSI safely...but it is always better to err on the side of safety than to go getting all wild and wooly.
MAP for the 357 Magnum is 45 KCUP and for the 357 Maximum is 48 KCUP. You would gain about 7 gr h20 more capacity in the Maximum and using slower burning "fast" rifle powder would still keep you out of the pressure problem realm and even get more velocity...up near 2000 f/s with 180 gr pointy bullets in a 14" barrel or slightly more with your Md 24...at the same pressures or slightly less, as the Magnum...Check out the Accurate Arms #2 manual or online. If I had that particular Savage I would certainly look at the conversion very hard...the 180 to 225gr 35 cal jacketed or hard cast lead bullets would turn that cartridge into a real bear whapper with a little gentle persuasion and an eye on the pressure curve.
Depending on the chamber OD the 356 Win, 35 Rem, 357 Herrett are others to look at, or the 30-30 necked up to 35 cal (357 Herrett "Long") Remember...you load to the capacity of the RECEIVER...NOT the particular cartridge...the larger cases will give you more velocity at the same pressure or lower pressures as the 357 Magnum. Whether it is feasible or cost effective is your call...The 357 Maximum would be the quick and simple way, tho'.
'Njoy
