hans g. i've had one successful hunt on a mid-weight virginia whitetail buck using a .602 soft ball, greased pillow tick .017 patch, and 70 gr. 2f goex in a 20 ga. 36" barrel flint smooth rifle. the deer was slightly at an angle coming to me at about 35 yards. at the hammer drop it angled a little more and ducked down in front. the ball angled from just under the spine near the last rib through the opposite side hip joint and ended up just under the skin looking like a 1/4" thick quarter. the deer left a poor blood trail for 80 yards before expiring. because it had ducked, and since there was no exit of the ball , virtually all bleed out was internal. i had attempted to aim at the base of the throat where the hair on a whitetail changes direction of lay. i don't prime with 2f any more. crushed 2f is much faster. good fortune to your hunts, regards, olduvai george