At first blush I do not see why that conversion would not work with the bolt and overall case length. The case head on the 22-250 measures .473, just about what a 45 acp case head measures (same for 06, 308, etc) and the 22-250 seems to sport a semi-rim or a rim slightly larger than the case body at its base. The 39mm Russian case appears to have a case head either the same size or a hair smaller than the 45. I couldn't mic the case head on one of my 7.62x39mm cases cuz the battery in my micrometer went dead in the cold...............
The length of the 22-250 is 1.912", the case length of the 39mm case is 1.535", so the conversion just might work. HTH and good luck. Let us know how it goes. Mikey.