Author Topic: Magnus effect  (Read 2457 times)

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Offline Victor3

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Magnus effect
« on: February 08, 2009, 11:22:00 PM »
 The magnus effect creates lift by backspin on a sphere in flight. There's a more complete definition, but for our purposes with golf balls...

 Has anyone taken advantage of it in GB mortar/cannon design? I've employed it in a pneumatic golf ball launcher.

 I can think of a few ways that backspin could be imparted to a GB in a BP barrel to increase range and accuracy.

 Any thoughts?
"It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has data. Insensibly, one begins to twist facts to suit theories, instead of theories to suit facts."

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Offline Cat Whisperer

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #1 on: February 09, 2009, 12:22:32 AM »
We've discussed this before, but one thing that may not have been mentioned would be to offset (towards the bottom of the bore) the powder chamber - to put a bit more pressure on the bottom - giving it backspin.  Likely it wouldn't take much of an offset.
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Offline dan610324

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #2 on: February 09, 2009, 02:48:13 AM »
is it anyone who have made any practical experiments ??

unfortunately its totally ilegal to shoot projectiles here in sweden ,
 but still it would be very interesting to know .

the maximum effect should teoretical be to have an 22 mm chamber in an 44 mm bore ,
set totaly off center .

I also remember that man from swizz or austria who had made a lot of tests on gonnes with and without powder chambers , he achived a lot higher velocity from the gonnes with a powder chamber .
doesnt matter what granulation he tested , all of them gave higher speed with chamber .
Dan Pettersson
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Offline Cat Whisperer

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #3 on: February 09, 2009, 11:00:17 AM »
is it anyone who have made any practical experiments ??
...
I also remember that man from swizz or austria who had made a lot of tests on gonnes with and without powder chambers , he achived a lot higher velocity from the gonnes with a powder chamber .
doesnt matter what granulation he tested , all of them gave higher speed with chamber .

Good memory.  There were published some interesting things relating to the size, shape and proportions (diameter vs length of) the powder chamber in the articles on early hand-gonnes.  Smaller diameters gave smaller almost focused pressure on the projectile compared to larger (but shorter) powder chambers.

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Offline dan610324

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #4 on: February 09, 2009, 11:35:28 AM »
what do you think about combining that with the magnus effect ??
an completely off center 20 - 22 mm chamber in an golfboll cannon
Dan Pettersson
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Offline Cat Whisperer

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #5 on: February 09, 2009, 12:28:45 PM »
what do you think about combining that with the magnus effect ??
an completely off center 20 - 22 mm chamber in an golfboll cannon

Won't take much.  I have some 2-piece mortars in golf-ball caliber (tube and powder chamber) wherein it would be easy to machine another powder chamber with an offset powder chamber.  Might work, might be a spectacular hook or slice.   Tune in tomorrow ....
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Offline GGaskill

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #6 on: February 09, 2009, 12:33:25 PM »
The paintball technique is to put a deliberate bend into the barrel to induce the desired spin.
GG
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Offline Double D

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #7 on: February 09, 2009, 02:29:38 PM »
Why not put the chamber in at a angle?

Offline Cat Whisperer

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #8 on: February 09, 2009, 02:59:19 PM »
The paintball technique is to put a deliberate bend into the barrel to induce the desired spin.

Not how I could bend the tube I've got - nearly 1/4" wall thickness, but then, I haven't persued the idea.
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Offline Cat Whisperer

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #9 on: February 09, 2009, 03:01:17 PM »
Why not put the chamber in at a angle?

Worth a comparison.  It's relatively easy to offset it when using a 4 jaw chuck. 

Angling it could also induce spin (not just back spin) if a compound angle is used.

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Offline dan610324

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #10 on: February 09, 2009, 03:09:44 PM »
dont you think it will give better result in a cannon ??

the angled chamber will be very difficult to achive in a cannon , could be a little easier in a mortar .
but just a few degrees
Dan Pettersson
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Offline Victor3

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #11 on: February 09, 2009, 11:16:59 PM »
is it anyone who have made any practical experiments ??

 In my pneumatic golf ball cannon, I machined a ring in the chamber (it's a breech-loader) to hold the ball in place. It would hook and slice all over the place. I improved it by removing the ring on the bottom 1/2 of the chamber. This gives the ball backspin upon firing.

 As noted, paintball guys bend their bbl downward slightly. Same is done with airsoft guns. Another method in paintball is to put the exhaust port in the bolt at the bottom instead of on center.

 In BP cannons/mortars, one option to try would be to put two screws at 10 & 2 o'clock near the muzzle, protruding into the bore slightly. They would grab the ball at the top and add backspin as it exits.
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Offline Cat Whisperer

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #12 on: February 10, 2009, 01:00:40 AM »
dont you think it will give better result in a cannon ??

the angled chamber will be very difficult to achive in a cannon , could be a little easier in a mortar .
but just a few degrees

Yes, and no.
I have several two-piece mortars (chamber and tube) in golf-ball caliber.  That makes it much easier for me (but a longer tube would make it a howitzer or gun so that would be equally easy).

Result?  I have posted a picture of a golf ball fired from a 3" long tube.  Black and white.  Indicating no rotation.  There will be empirical evidence of spin in two places: blackness area and (presumably) path of flight.

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Offline Double D

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #13 on: February 10, 2009, 07:39:10 AM »
Why not put the chamber in at a angle?

Worth a comparison.  It's relatively easy to offset it when using a 4 jaw chuck. 

Angling it could also induce spin (not just back spin) if a compound angle is used.




What I had in mind was not angling around the center of the mouth but around  "center of gravity" (for loss of a better term) of the chamber. The center of the length around the center of diameter.


Offline dan610324

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #14 on: February 10, 2009, 08:48:21 AM »
it would be interesting to know if this really would do any difference ,
or if its just teoretical .
Dan Pettersson
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Offline Victor3

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #15 on: February 11, 2009, 02:21:52 AM »
 One problem with the offset chamber idea would be if the ball were deformed to the bore diameter upon firing. If this were to happen, spin would stop or change.

 If anyone tries a test, it would probably best be done in a bbl with generous windage and a light charge.
"It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has data. Insensibly, one begins to twist facts to suit theories, instead of theories to suit facts."

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Offline Cannoneer

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #16 on: February 11, 2009, 06:33:30 AM »
Hey Victor,
 
 In your opening post it's easy to understand how this effect would/could increase the distance a projectile travels through the air, but I don't get how it would increase accuracy. To put it simply, I thought that the goal of achieving the greatest accuracy (at least, concerning our topic) was reached by trying to get the projectile to fly "as flat and as far as possible" regardless of the energy source, whether it be by the release of compressed air, or expanding gasses. Now it's easy to see how the Magnus effect is of great benefit when you see it operating in certain sports venues; for me there was delight in watching Nolan Ryan pitching high heat with the ball travelling at 90 - 100 MPH. There was a reason the batter swung at something that wasn't there to hit; it was because when he saw the ball being released from Ryan's hand  it looked like it was going to be a strike while in actuality it was literally rising, ending up crossing his body at shoulder height, but I don't understand how it would increase accuracy in the topic were discussing. If the discussion were limited to mortars and howitzers I can see the benefit of the Magnus effect to increase range for accuracy (if you could also achieve a srtaight flight path), but what's wrong with the proscribed methods of increasing the powder charge and/or the angle of the tube?

P.S.  I'd like to make it clear that the purpose of this post is to try and learn something, it isn't meant to offend anyone, nor to cause argument for the sake of argument. Victor this postscript is in no way meant for you, I think you already know that. Thanks for your answer in advance.
RIP John. While on vacation July 4th 2013 in northern Wisconsin, he was ATVing with family and pulled ahead of everyone and took off at break-neck speed without a helmet. He lost control.....hit a tree....and the tree won.  He died instantly.

The one thing that you can almost always rely on research leading to, is more research.

Offline dan610324

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #17 on: February 11, 2009, 09:00:21 AM »
my interest in this was to the idea of using an ofset chamber to create higher velocity and maybe even better precission , in that way it would be possible to use smaller charges and still achive the same performance and maybe some better precission also . there must be a way to develope the cannons , the main construction have been the same now for 700 years . maybe such an idea as this could change that a bit , or maybe not   ;D ;D
by using smaller charges the safety of this hobby could even be better .

but its just my thoughts
Dan Pettersson
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Offline GGaskill

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #18 on: February 11, 2009, 12:35:01 PM »
Accuracy is usually felt to be achieved by making all of the components of flight as similar as possible.  The one thing that is not yet controlled is shot spin.  With a heavy shot, it is less important, but with a low density shot like a golf ball, the spin has a great effect on the direction of flight; witness the hooks and slices golfers are continually fighting.  The goal here is to get the same spin for every shot.  When the spin is backspin, the shot experiences lift and gets greater range.
GG
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Offline dan610324

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #19 on: February 11, 2009, 01:01:09 PM »
conformity , conformity , conformity and after that piece ended there will be some more conformity .

yeah thats a good way to achive precission , but this is what all competition shootres do .

there must be a new rewolotionary method to build a cannon that will improve the result .

whats difficult is just to find out that new thing in construction
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Offline Victor3

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #20 on: February 11, 2009, 11:13:14 PM »
Hey Victor,
 
 In your opening post it's easy to understand how this effect would/could increase the distance a projectile travels through the air, but I don't get how it would increase accuracy. To put it simply, I thought that the goal of achieving the greatest accuracy (at least, concerning our topic) was reached by trying to get the projectile to fly "as flat and as far as possible" regardless of the energy source, whether it be by the release of compressed air, or expanding gasses. Now it's easy to see how the Magnus effect is of great benefit when you see it operating in certain sports venues; for me there was delight in watching Nolan Ryan pitching high heat with the ball travelling at 90 - 100 MPH. There was a reason the batter swung at something that wasn't there to hit; it was because when he saw the ball being released from Ryan's hand  it looked like it was going to be a strike while in actuality it was literally rising, ending up crossing his body at shoulder height, but I don't understand how it would increase accuracy in the topic were discussing. If the discussion were limited to mortars and howitzers I can see the benefit of the Magnus effect to increase range for accuracy (if you could also achieve a srtaight flight path), but what's wrong with the proscribed methods of increasing the powder charge and/or the angle of the tube?

P.S.  I'd like to make it clear that the purpose of this post is to try and learn something, it isn't meant to offend anyone, nor to cause argument for the sake of argument. Victor this postscript is in no way meant for you, I think you already know that. Thanks for your answer in advance.

 Boom J,

 Expanding upon your baseball example....

 Ryan's fastball is most likely released from his hand with two fingers at about 10 & 2 o'clock on top of the ball. This imparts backspin to the ball that will cause lift straight up from the ground. The two points of contact (index and middle finger) allow him to control where the axis of rotation on the ball will be. Note that in the possible bbl modification I mentioned above, two screws are inserted into the bbl to act similarly, grabbing the ball to cause backspin and at the same time align the axis of rotation parallel to the ground.

 Now what if his fingers were at 12 & 4 o'clock when he releases the ball? The axis of rotaton will no longer be parallel to the ground; it will be at ~45 degrees to the ground. This will result in the "lift" now acting on the ball to cause it to curve to the right between his position and the plate.

 As to how all this relates to accuracy in our GB guns, we want to make sure that all of our projectiles leave the bore with a uniform axis of rotation (and hopefully, with the same RPM). Unless using rifling, the only other ways I can see to imporve GB accuracy would to be either stop rotation of the ball completely (which is hard to do) or make sure that rotation is imparted uniformly in some way.

 As GGaskill noted, spin is not as critical with a heavy ball; it's harder to make one spin fast enough to create lift, and its weight is gonna make it want to go pretty much in the direction it's pointed. Not so with a light golf ball.
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Offline Cannoneer

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #21 on: February 13, 2009, 10:47:28 PM »
 Dan, GG and Victor, thanks for your replies. Maybe part of the problem with me not being able to grasp some of this is because I don't have anything that fires a gb. I've been reading a lot on the net about golfball aerodynamics and the Magnus effect and it's helped in understanding some of what you've said. I reload for both high power rifles and my pistols, so I know how important consistency is in both the making of the rounds and in firing the guns. When George mentions accuracy being dependent on making the components of flight as similar as possible, I get it. I also get the nature of the beast; the beast being muzzleloading smoothbore barrels that have to have windage to function, and their nature being that they are to a certain degree, inherently inaccurate, coupled with the fact that using golfballs as projectiles compounds that inaccuracy.
 On another thread about sabots increasing the accuracy of shot, someone said it was the ball bouncing back and forth against the walls inside the barrel when being forced out of the barrel that caused the inacccuracy of the ball in flight. Centuries ago some artillery experts were aware that decreasing windage would increase the accuracy of the gun, and when the manufacture of more uniform and smooth iron shot became the norm that's what the cannon makers did.
 Cannon makers of centries ago also discovered that the size and shape (gomer, hemisphere etc.) of the chambers on guns, and the smaller diam. powder chambers of howitzers, and mortars could increase their accuracy. Now these two major improvements I can understand, but the discussion of an angled chamber I dont get at all (this could only be used on a smaller than bore diam. powder chamber). Wouldn't this design just make the problem that much worse by causing the gb to be slammed off the wall of the bore and bang off its last hit before it left the barrel to slice one way or draw the other?
 By offset, I take it that what is meant is that the chamber itself is no longer centered in the bore, but is lower than center to exert the energy of the charge on the lower portion of the seated golfball, supposedly causing backspin. Well, in reality wouldn't this basically and to a lesser extant just cause the same problem as an "angled" chamber? Wouldn't the force exerted on the bottom of the ball cause it to lift upward and bounce off the upper wall of the bore, causing the same erratic flight of the ball when it left the barrel?
 Victor, I liked your continuing the bb pitcher analogy, and I follow what you mean. Your concept of two protuberances or projections coming down from the top of the bore at 10 & 2 o'clock to grab the top of the ball as it exits the bore thus causing the desired backspin, and I guess also centering the ball so that it flies in a straight path, seems plausible in theory; but would it actually work in practical application?
Because of the windage, how could there be any possibility of consistency in the ball being snagged by the projections on the same two spots on the top of the ball shot after shot? How could the ball be centered between the projections and not be off to either side, and wouldn't the ball on some firings be too low and only grazed by the projections, and on others be too high and hit the projections too hard?
 George said in his post to me " The goal here is to get the same spin for every shot", and I just don't see how you can attain that goal with this concept, that is what I meant when I said, I just don't get it.
 Victor, the bottom line is I'm no designing engineer, and you've got experience in this arena, so for all I know your idea would make a gb cannon much more accurate, and cut down drastically on the slice or draw of the ball in flight, it's just that I'm thinking in terms of what I know, and that's the smaller caliber cannons that I've been firing with a patched lead ball.











  
 
RIP John. While on vacation July 4th 2013 in northern Wisconsin, he was ATVing with family and pulled ahead of everyone and took off at break-neck speed without a helmet. He lost control.....hit a tree....and the tree won.  He died instantly.

The one thing that you can almost always rely on research leading to, is more research.

Offline Victor3

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #22 on: February 14, 2009, 01:05:44 AM »
"Because of the windage, how could there be any possibility of consistency in the ball being snagged by the projections on the same two spots on the top of the ball shot after shot? How could the ball be centered between the projections and not be off to either side, and wouldn't the ball on some firings be too low and only grazed by the projections, and on others be too high and hit the projections too hard?"

 What I was thinking was to have the screws protruding far enough into the bore to where you would have to force the ball past them when loading. This would at least guarantee that the ball would engage them.

 Your point about the windage is valid; the ball might not hit the screws the same way every time.

 I'm thinking that if one wanted to get the best accuracy using this idea in a mortar, little windage (say a 1.700" bore) and a light charge would probably be the way to go. A lot of windage would indeed let the ball be in different positions in the bore as it contacts the screws. A heavy charge might blast the ball past the screws, leaving two cuts in the surface but not imparting spin all that well.

 I don't know if it will work at all, but it would be a learning experience to try it...
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Offline GGaskill

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #23 on: February 14, 2009, 07:42:33 AM »
The ideas about screws in the muzzle to cause backspin on the ball are strictly thought experiments.  Some interested party needs to actually do this, fire some shots and report the results.  No one yet knows exactly whether it will work or not.  It will be complicated by the irregular surface (the dimples) of the golf ball causing non-uniform engagement of the screw points.  Someone suggested using a small strip of velcro instead of the screws but I think the fire from the burning powder will melt the hooks after a few shots, unless there are metallic hooks available.
GG
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Offline dan610324

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #24 on: February 14, 2009, 09:14:02 AM »
velcro would probably not work as well as 2 sreews , its to soft .
but ok its no guarantee that it will be any backspinn with the screws either   ;D
but it would be very interesting to hear an result from an actual test .
Dan Pettersson
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Offline dan610324

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #25 on: February 14, 2009, 09:20:05 AM »
maybe a combination of moving the chamber and 2 screews .
Dan Pettersson
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better safe than sorry

Offline kevthebassman

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #26 on: February 14, 2009, 10:15:10 AM »
Perhaps instead of screws protruding into the chamber, you could simply roughen the bottom of the chamber to grab the ball.  Perhaps some sort of ribbing cut into the bottom of the chamber?

Offline dan610324

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #27 on: February 14, 2009, 10:33:25 AM »
wouldnt that be a bit difficult to produce ??
especially in a cannon .
Dan Pettersson
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Offline GGaskill

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #28 on: February 14, 2009, 11:09:14 AM »
My understanding is that the screws would be at the muzzle.
GG
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Offline dan610324

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Re: Magnus effect
« Reply #29 on: February 14, 2009, 11:17:02 AM »
yes thats what I understand also ,
but kevthebassman had an idea to ribbing the bottom of the bore .
I dont believe that would be so easy to do .
Dan Pettersson
a swedish cannon maniac
interested in early bronze guns

better safe than sorry