Hey Scooter,
OK. You asked, and here is the answer, straight from an old History Major, Duke University (i.e., me)
The Wild West closed LONG before the late 1890s. Here are the important dates:
1849 - The start of the California Gold Rush, creating the first truly massive migration across the West. Perhaps the Wild West started then? Some say it did.
1866 - Although certain cattle drives were reported as early as 1849, the first large scale cattle drive is generally considered to be the drive from Brownsville, Texas, to Sedalia, Missouri, which occurred in 1866.
1869 - The first Transcontinental Railroad is completed. (Meaning, you could ride in a traincar across the entire U.S.!)
1876 - Death of Custer.
1877 - Last battle with the Sioux, destruction of the Sioux Nation, death of Crazy Horse.
The early 1880s, Cattle Drives are over. There are railroad lines everywhere. No need to drive your cattle across the plains.
1883 -The Capture of Geronimo
1890 - The U.S. Census Bureau announces that, based on population density across the U.S., the western frontier is officially "closed."
1890 - Massacre at Wounded Knee. (originally called the "Battle" of Wounded Knee). A large loosely-knit band of Sioux and related tribes are massacred after being rounded up for performing the "Ghost Dance," which had been forbidden by the Department of Indian Affairs.
That was it. The Wild West was over. Were there a few outlaws still around? Yea, but then there have alwasy been outlaws.
As an advertising ploy, the 1873 Winchester (which I believe was still being made into the very early 1900s?) was called "The Gun that Won the West," by the Winchester Company. Sorry. NOT.
The guns that Won the West were the 1853 Colt Navy Revolver, the Sharps big bore falling block rifle, the Henry lever action rifle, the Winchester 1866, and the 10 and 12 gauge single and double barreled shotguns.
By the time the 1873 Winchester was produced and shipped in significant numbers (being 1874 and 1875), the vast majority of the West was pretty well won. The Sioux Nation was destroyed the following year.
Interestingly, I read an article one time that showed that the per capita murder rate of people living on the frontier in the old West was far less than our murder rate today in large cities such as New York, Chicago, Detroit, and L.A. Back then, murder was rare, and it was a very big deal. It was not tolerated. When it occurred, the killers were hunted down and hung!
Why did John Wayne carry a Winchester 92 in most of his movies? I read a biography ten years ago, where Wayne was asked the same question, and he said that he preferred to carry the smaller 92 instead of the larger 94, because it made him look bigger on the screen.
Regards,
Mannyrock