I'm not sure about CUPS, but a number of years ago, we had CUP and LUP. CUP was copper units of pressure, and of course, LUP was Lead units of pressure.
The pressure gun had a recess where a small pellet of copper or lead was placed, and the expanding gasses forced a ram against the pellet of metal.
Chamber pressure was then computed from the measured amount of deformation on the pellet.