Thanks for posting these pics, Cannonmn. I paused on the photo in the slide show, and looked, and looked, and looked, and for the life of me, I couldn't figure out what was inside the wooden case. It's interesting to note how a utilitarian tool of this era was given such care, and extra time in crafting it, as to make it seem almost like a work of art.
If you've got the time, would you give a brief description of how it was put together, and used?
You mentioned 16-inch, and stainless for the star gauge that Springfield A has, so I'm guessing that it's meant for checking the barrels of the big guns of WWII.