When we talk of guys shooting elk with the 243 or similar calibers, we have to remember they have lots of opportunity that the visiting hunter will not have. I a friend that is a guide, and shot many elk with a .. 243 well over 100, but most of them were shot in heavy snow from his bed room window. Another guy here in the valley shot a .243, but he had to be closer that 120 yards before he would shoot. He shot for the ear.. In the early days, most elk were in heavy timber here, now they are all over the plains, so longer shots are available. As for the indians shooting stuff with bows and arrows, no one took in to account the numbers of game that was crippled and lost ...I did hunt one fall with a predator control man for the fed. govt. He told me he had used a .25-06 for a time, but got tired of tracking elk and bought a .300.... A rancher told me the same tale... Personally, I never found elk hard to kill, but always shot a 7mm or larger..When guys go for elk for 5, 8, 10 or 15 days, they may have a few chances, or only one. If they are intent on bagging an elk with out a cripple, it would seem to me the biggest gun with the best bullet they can handle would be fitting. It is nice to sit by the fire a say I would or would not do such and such, but after 10 hard days hunting and a huge bull gives an opportunity, most will try. We owe it to the game to have a suitable rifle and load....