Author Topic: measuring black powder... weight verses volume  (Read 3882 times)

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Offline Rickk

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measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« on: December 17, 2010, 03:22:26 PM »
OK, I have been in a controversy on another forum about measuring black powder by weight verses volume, which is like discussing which is the only true God it seams.

I come here for insight, knowing that this habitation is more civil and scientifically based.

Anyway, I was arguing that you can't really measure BP by volume, because different granulations and even different manufacturers of powder will produce different densities. While you can under many conditions use volume to reproduce a charge with reasonable consistency, one can not simply go out and buy a "60 grain" powder measure and expect it to be correct.

But...

All of a sudden I was confronted with a different point of view that made me think that there was a different meaning. Sadly, when I asked for a reference to back up the one key fact, the "opposing viewpoint" person got wishy-washy and ws not quite able to substantiate his source, and then sort of started flip-flopping... the "discussion" still continues.

Hopefully we will not launch our nuclear weapons at each other before it ends...

But, anyway, I thought I would throw this out here for discussion and see if anyone has any historical references that might back this possibility up.

Here is the "Theory"...

Grains of black powder have absolutely nothing to do with what a charge weight...

What it has to do with is the volume of the black powder charge as measured in a container that is calibrated in "grains of water".

Grains, from what I gather, are actually a unit of mass, not weight, for those that are inclined to care. However, at reasonably close to sea level on the planet earth, we can use a scale to approximate it.

So, here is how the "Theory" has us making a powder measure.

1 grain = 0.06479891 grams
15.432358 grains = 1 gram
1 gram = 1 cubic centimeter.
15.432358 grains per cc

So, a 1cc measure will hold 15.43 grains of water. The "Theory" is that a 1cc measure is a 15.43 grain measure of water, and someplace in history, possibly, someone decided that the amount of black powder that will fill such a measure is to be considered to be 15.43 grains (by volume).

It seems that granulated BP has a specific gravity of about 1.2 - 1.3 (+-), so in reality the 1cc measure will hold closer to 18-20 grains by weight of BP - depending on granulation and brand and simply how you poured it into the measure.

However, there is the whole deal about buying a "60 grain" powder measure and expecting it to pour 60 grains. There is also the deal about using BP subs by volume rather then weight. These kind of things sure would be easier to get a handle on if volume, rather than actual weight, meant anything.

If such a "theory" was in deed a standardized fact that has been long since forgotten about, it would have a significance that would be earth-shattering. I think they could make a movie about it. I would , of course, play the hero who gets the hot blond in the end... but... huh? where was I going with this?

There is little doubt that commercial ammo companies did not have a row of little old ladies weighing out 70 grains of black powder to load .45-70's. I am sure that it was loaded by volume.

Is anyone aware of some remote, quotable source of a factoid that might link BP measurement by volume with the mass and displacement of water?


Of course, even if such a source of info can be found, there is no guarantee that it was adhered to by all. Not 15 minutes ago I was playing with a Lee powder scoop measure set. The slide rule conversion chart included with it gives different grain weights for a given scoop depending on the granulation. Under the circumstances discussed about that would not be the case. I am guessing that some lab dude simply measured out some BP and other powders and wrote down his findings, which ultimately became the LEE powder measure slide rule.

Let the discussion begin?

Offline gulfcoastblackpowder

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #1 on: December 17, 2010, 03:59:47 PM »
Though I can't give you too much of the historical context, here's my take.  (Others here, I'm sure, will give historical background)

If the granulation is consistent, and appropriate for the amount to be measured (not too big to acheive repeatable results using a given measuring device), once a volume has been determined to be the equivalent of a weight, it is repeatable.  Blackpowder is not a susbstance that is overly picky about exact precision in loads.  A grain +/- in a most loads will not cause a significant difference in performance, so even minor differences in grain size shouldn't be a problem.  The finer the grain, the more repeatable the volume measurement will be.  This is one of the reasons why if you are using a really small load, you will often use a finer grain size.

The same measurement comparison between volume and mass has long been used in precious metals.  To determine the mass of gold in a piece of jewelry, for instance, one can compare the volume water is displace in a graduated cylinder with the known density, or find the quality of the gold (which is indicated by the denisty of the item compared to pure gold's density), using the volume and the weight.  Similarly, having BP of consistant density, a volumetric reading can give you a repeatable mass measurement.

Offline GGaskill

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #2 on: December 17, 2010, 04:32:21 PM »
So far as I know (which may not be very far), all commercial ammo is loaded with powder charges measured by volume; however, the volume has been calibrated by weight and shown to measure the charge within the tolerance the maker has decided is necessary.  Even benchrest shooters measure by volume, although typically they use a powder that gives a very low variation in charge weight when volumetrically measured.  The only people I know of who measure by weight are long range (800 yards and up) rifle shooters and they tend to use powders that do not give a low variation in weight when measured by volume.

As said elsewhere, black powder is not as pressure sensitive as smokeless and a slight excess in a large charge is not going to cause the same degree of over pressure that a smokeless load would experience.  So the engineering approach (versus the laboratory approach) is used in the field.  It is more convenient, not better.

Grains, from what I gather, are actually a unit of mass, not weight, for those that are inclined to care.

No, grains are a unit of weight (force) as they are 1/7000 of a pound, which is a unit of force.  Mass in the English system is measured in slugs or pounds (mass).  A slug has the weight of g (32.17) pounds (g being the gravitational acceleration value.)  See Wikipedia for a more thorough discussion.
GG
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Offline AtlLaw

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #3 on: December 17, 2010, 04:50:33 PM »
oboyoboyoboy!  I can't wait to jump into this discussion!   ;D  At some point when I've had 6 odd less beers that is!   ::)  Well, it IS Friday night ya know!   :-\

Got to fight the urge to go down to the man cave and start weighin' out cc's of FFG, FFFG, Cleanshot (or is it Clearshot?), Pyrodex and 777 whilst drinkin some more beer and smokin a cigarett or two!   :P  I do want to have done some research before I respond...  :D

And my wife-mate don't think I got no self control!   ::)

Richard
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Offline Double D

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #4 on: December 17, 2010, 05:06:31 PM »
I think the guy is confusing his apples with his oranges but he is right.

1 Kilogram equals 1 liter of water.

1 gram equals 1 milliliter of water.

A grain is equal to one grain of wheat or barley.  7000 make a pound.  Actually if you use barley it's a troy grain.

Almost all powder smokeless and black is dispensed by volume.  The volume measuring device is adjusted-calibrated and set by weight.

Because of the variance of the specific gravity of  the charcoal used in the black powder different powders of the same screen size will have slightly different weights.  The same thing with comparing same volumes of different screen sizes.    They won't have the same weight.  If you contact the various powder companies the will provide you with the information including specific gravity and the burn rates.

I have tested blackpowder loads from the 577/450 Martini across the chronograph.  I have tested loads by weighing all charges and by using volume only.  Some powders work just fine by volume and other are better measured by weight.  You just have to test to find out which is best for the given components.

Powder is measured in the U.S.  by grains.  U.S. powder Volume measures are marked in grains.  Volumes my be consistent volume to volume, but weights can vary from one volume to another.

Weight of powder is a more precise measurement than volume of powder and it might not even matter.


 

Offline 1Southpaw

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #5 on: December 17, 2010, 05:23:11 PM »
Quote
Weight of powder is a more precise measurement than volume of powder and it might not even matter.



Thus the popularity  of the lee powder dippers . 

I know a fellow who used the Lee dippers with good luck . He said the challenge was consistancy in the filling of the scoop.
Left Handed people are in their right mind .

Offline jeeper1

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #6 on: December 17, 2010, 05:23:54 PM »
I scale all my mortar and cannon loads.
I load my 37mm shells by volume using an adjustable measure that is set by a scale.
I may not be completely sane, but at least I don't think I have the power to influence the weather.

Offline AtlLaw

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #7 on: December 17, 2010, 05:34:31 PM »
Darn you Doug...  >:(  You just gotta take all the fun outa things...  :(  I coulda really got ol' Rickk goin'   :D
Richard
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Offline Double D

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #8 on: December 17, 2010, 05:38:32 PM »
We try not to be the source of urban myths.  You know like it never gets gold in south...

Offline AtlLaw

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #9 on: December 17, 2010, 05:56:16 PM »
ha ha... very funny...  ::)  I'm freezin my Jawja butt off!   :-\  34 degrees right now!   :o
Richard
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Offline GGaskill

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #10 on: December 17, 2010, 08:47:14 PM »
It's 54° F with light rain here which is better than 14° F with light snow, and so forth, but it makes it cold and dank in the shop.
GG
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Offline Parrott-Cannon

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #11 on: December 17, 2010, 09:32:31 PM »
1) Mass is a measurement of the amount of matter something contains, while Weight is the measurement of the pull of gravity on an object.


2) Mass is measured by using a balance comparing a known amount of matter to an unknown amount of matter. Weight is measured on a scale.


3) The Mass of an object doesn't change when an object's location changes. Weight, on the otherhand does change with location.


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Offline Winger Ed.

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #12 on: December 17, 2010, 09:41:37 PM »
oboyoboyoboy!  I can't wait to jump into this discussion!   ;D  At some point when I've had 6 odd less beers that is!   ::)  Well, it IS Friday night ya know!   :-\ :P  I do want to have done some research before I respond...  :D
And my wife-mate don't think I got no self control!   ::)
Whew!! Me too!!  I'm in the same 'spot'. And,, the '6 beers' thing is no big deal- I can relate to it too.
Not only do I make my own cannons, do my own gunsmithing, load all my own ammo, etc., etc.,,,
I also make my own 192 proof, sour mash Whiskey too.

Since I'm right in the middle of testing the last batch---
I figure its best if I come back to this thread later......

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Offline Cat Whisperer

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #13 on: December 18, 2010, 01:03:10 AM »
ENOUGH!

Start at the smallest level.

It takes X molecules of oxygen, Y molecules of ... and so forth.

Some percentage of whats in the mixture will be consumed.

Every molecule has a specific mass (or as we can measure it WEIGHT).

DO the math - for a given amount of energy it takes a given AMOUNT (Number of molecules combining in reaction).

WEIGH them.  (OK, if the granulation is consistant, calibrate your volumetric measuring device and USE IT!)

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Offline Rickk

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #14 on: December 18, 2010, 02:20:24 AM »
According to this:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_%28mass%29
grains are a measurement of mass, not weight.

But as Parrott-Cannon points out, a "beam balance" scale is self correcting for gravity, in essence it measures mass. A spring scale or strain gauge scale would only measure weight and needs (hopefully) minor correction for altitude, or planet if you travel alot.

Has another topic gotten 13 responses in only 10 night time hours before?

Next week we can talk about which brand of religion is better (NOT).

Offline AtlLaw

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #15 on: December 18, 2010, 04:58:36 AM »
This is really heady stuff!   :o  It's amazing how many ways there are to say pretty much the same thing...  :-\

I really like this statement because it's what I do.

calibrate your volumetric measuring device and USE IT!

My BP measure is 2 gr. light with FFFG.  Don't know about FFG 'cause frankly, it doesn't matter!  Not sure it matters with FFFG ;D

But please, whatever you do, don't introduce grains equivalent by volumn into this discussion!
Richard
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Offline Rickk

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #16 on: December 18, 2010, 06:11:21 AM »
Let me stir the pot a bit by asking how you calibrated your measure?

(Ya, I am risking a nuclear holocaust here).

Brand of Powder?
Technique for filling it?

One can fill  a measure, level it off, tap it a few times, and add a few grains to it. Which quantity is correct? I guess they both are as long as you only do it one way and don't let someone borrow it without a 2 hour certification course in how to fill it.

Drop tubes are used on powder measures to make it easier to add powder to a case that otherwise would appear to be full.

I was hoping when I started asking this question that someone would have been aware of some long forgotten text book written before we all were born that clearly defined how much volume it took to hold "typical" black powder. The dead end that almost lead me to believe that it was really based on water would have been awesome, since grains of water can be converted to volume by definition, without having to interpret or measure anything. Of course, when using it with black powder there would still be an error or two, but at least if it were based on water, everyone's 100 grain measure would be the same size.

No wonder us cannon types use a scale most of the time....

Scales are Less Controversial

 ;)

Rick

Offline Double D

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #17 on: December 18, 2010, 06:27:10 AM »
This is really heady stuff!   :o  It's amazing how many ways there are to say pretty much the same thing...  :-\

I really like this statement because it's what I do.

calibrate your volumetric measuring device and USE IT!

My BP measure is 2 gr. light with FFFG.  Don't know about FFG 'cause frankly, it doesn't matter!  Not sure it matters with FFFG ;D

But please, whatever you do, don't introduce grains equivalent by volumn into this discussion!

Let  me ask you, which brand of FFFg weighs light...I have found the equal volumes of the same screen size of powder will vary by weight from brand to brand and lot to lot.
 

Offline AtlLaw

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #18 on: December 18, 2010, 06:44:28 AM »
which brand of FFFg weighs light...

Goex.  That's all I use because that's what our local BP shop carrys.   ;)  The measure I use is one of those tube types with the swing away funnel tip and sliding scale bases.

'course the measure marks could be off also but with BP I don't think a grain or two here or there really means that much.   :-\  And, as I remember (as well as I remember anything these days...  :-[ ) the "F" granulations, are a comparatively modern thing.  Well after the war of northern aggression.
Richard
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Offline Double D

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #19 on: December 18, 2010, 07:37:40 AM »
which brand of FFFg weighs light...

Goex.  That's all I use because that's what our local BP shop carrys.   ;)  The measure I use is one of those tube types with the swing away funnel tip and sliding scale bases.

'course the measure marks could be off also but with BP I don't think a grain or two here or there really means that much.   :-\  And, as I remember (as well as I remember anything these days...  :-[ ) the "F" granulations, are a comparatively modern thing.  Well after the war of northern aggression.

You are right as  long as you don change measures and you use the same mark every time.  Change powder brands, change screen size or change lots of the same brand and screensize and it's start over time.

Offline irishman

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #20 on: December 18, 2010, 09:08:12 AM »
Rickk,

     It's great to see you spending more time on here. You provoke thought and have created some cool black powder projects. As far as war goes. War can and be good.

                                                      Michael

Offline Rickk

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #21 on: December 18, 2010, 10:26:15 AM »
Thanks Michael :-)

It's odd, or maybe not, that the thread on the same subject eventually turned onto a discussion about beer and wine.

I was tempted to, but resisted, asking what the best beer is  ::)

Offline Cannoneer

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #22 on: December 18, 2010, 10:29:55 AM »
Pilsner Urquell! :D
RIP John. While on vacation July 4th 2013 in northern Wisconsin, he was ATVing with family and pulled ahead of everyone and took off at break-neck speed without a helmet. He lost control.....hit a tree....and the tree won.  He died instantly.

The one thing that you can almost always rely on research leading to, is more research.

Offline Rickk

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #23 on: December 18, 2010, 01:54:16 PM »
Bajuvator

Offline GGaskill

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Re: Best beer
« Reply #24 on: December 18, 2010, 08:48:29 PM »
Never touch the stuff.  Toxic waste.   ;D
GG
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Offline Victor3

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #25 on: December 18, 2010, 11:14:22 PM »
 I use an ultra-precision volumetric measure of my own design for my cannons & mortars; a clear 35mm film canister with graduation marks done with a sharpie. :)
"It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has data. Insensibly, one begins to twist facts to suit theories, instead of theories to suit facts."

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Offline gulfcoastblackpowder

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #26 on: December 19, 2010, 04:05:30 AM »
... how much volume it took to hold "typical" black powder. The dead end that almost lead me to believe that it was really based on water would have been awesome, since grains of water can be converted to volume by definition, without having to interpret or measure anything. Of course, when using it with black powder there would still be an error or two, but at least if it were based on water, everyone's 100 grain measure would be the same size.
...
The problem with comparing BP measurements to water is...BP isn't water ;)...more specifically, BP isn't a liquid, and as such 100% BP in a given volume can't happen unless there's only 1 particle of it.  When more than 1 particle is used, air, or some surrounding atmosphere will be a component.  Water fills a volume completely, until you get to a molecular scale.  For that reason, I don't think any legitimate source would try to describe anything in terms of "typical" blackpowder, unless it first described "typical" as a specific grain size and the typical size range of that grain.

Offline Rickk

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #27 on: December 19, 2010, 04:45:37 AM »
Ya, I agree that water is a liquid, and the BP isn't.

The reason though that it would be cool if that was how it really was meant to be specified is that if it was based on water, everyone's measure would be exactly the same volume. It is a calibrated staring point.

Changing subject a little tiny bit, in my experience with 1F and especially with cannon grade, particularly in smaller quantities,  it does not measure well at all. +-10% is doing real well at 100 grains of cannon (which is the load my 2.25" mortar like to use for 100 yard shooting).  I use volume all the time with smaller stuff, after verifying by weight that my volumetric measure is pouring what I want it to pour. For 1F and cannon, I have a measure, but I use it just to get close. I am still using a scale to get it right on the money.

Offline AtlLaw

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #28 on: December 19, 2010, 05:14:27 AM »
what the best beer is  ::)

The one I got in my hand at the time!   ;D  I tell ya though, the growth of all these micro-breweries is about to turn me into an al-key-holic!   :(  What with wanting to try each one and forgetting what ones I like and trying them all again...  :-\  I tell ya, between GBO and drinkin beer, I don't have time for much else!   ::)

With FFFG I started weighing loads to see if a grain or two made any difference in the performance of my C&B revolvers.  Purely an academic exercise...  Very much like this topic!  :P  Ain't it fun!!   :D  Anyway, I'm still experimenting and the only conclusion come to so far is that 5 gr. makes a difference in the 44 Dragoon.  Haven't started working with my Army or Navy yet.

I still don't think a couple of grains makes any measureable difference in a rifle loaded with FFG.  So, if I use volumn in working up the best load for one of my rifles, and it turns out to be 80 gr. according to the volumn measureing instrament I use, who cares if it actually weighs 82 gr. on a balance beam scale!   ::)  I'll never use a scale in loading for any ML!   ;)

And I doubt that the average long hunter even knew how many grains his working load was!   :-\  Think about it...  I build a rifle or have the local gunsmith build me one.  All measuring of charges is done by volumn since there just isn't any other practical way in the actual use of the rifle.  You start off finding your load the old way; you put a ball from your new rifle in your hand and pour powder over it until the ball is covered!   :o  From there you can work up the most accurate load.  If, in reality, you even worry about it.   ;)

Anyway, when you arrive at the amount of powder you are going to use, you grab a deer antler and hollow it out until it holds just that amount!  TA DA!  Measurement by volumn!  ;D  Grains?  GRAINS!  I don't know nuthin about no stinkin grains!   :D

I guess what I'm saying is that the basic premise for your hypothisis may be flawed...  :-\  But what do I know...  :-[  I think I'll go play with my cannon... WAIT!  I don't have a cannon!   :(  note to self, get cannon  Guess I'll just go to Kennesaw Mtn. National Battlefield and play with their's...  :P
Richard
Former Captain of Horse, keeper of the peace and interpreter of statute.  Currently a Gentleman of leisure.
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Offline gulfcoastblackpowder

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Re: measuring black powder... weight verses volume
« Reply #29 on: December 19, 2010, 05:37:31 AM »
Changing subject a little tiny bit, in my experience with 1F and especially with cannon grade, particularly in smaller quantities,  it does not measure well at all. +-10% is doing real well at 100 grains of cannon (which is the load my 2.25" mortar like to use for 100 yard shooting).  I use volume all the time with smaller stuff, after verifying by weight that my volumetric measure is pouring what I want it to pour. For 1F and cannon, I have a measure, but I use it just to get close. I am still using a scale to get it right on the money.
Using comparatively large grain in a small volume will always result in more variation than finer grain in the given volume - that's exactly what I was describing in my earlier post of why there isn't a "typical" black powder.  The large grains allow for more variation in the amount of atmosphere caught in the measure.