Author Topic: reloading the 7.62X54  (Read 7874 times)

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Offline kevin.303

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reloading the 7.62X54
« on: January 10, 2004, 10:20:14 AM »
i just bought a polish M44 today and am hopeing to do some reloads for it whne i get my press set up. what bullet diameter do i use can't find any thing for sure on the net and .308 and others .311. i got .311's for my .303 but would rather use .308 because there is such a huge variety
" oh we didn't sink the bismarck, and we didn't fight at all, we spent our time in Norfolk and we really had a ball. chasing after women while our ship was overhauled, living it up on grapefruit juice and sick bay alcohol"

Offline Donna

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reloading the 7.62X54
« Reply #1 on: January 10, 2004, 12:46:34 PM »
Hello kevin.303, :D

Your task is not small. The 7.62x54mm rimmed is .310-bullet diameter but the virtually identical 7.62x53mm is .311-bullet diameter while the 7.62mm Russian (7.62x54R) is .308-bullet diameter. I think your best bet is to slug the barrel that is to push a chunk of lead just slightly larger than bore diameter through the barrel or make a cast of the inside of the barrel and measure the diameter of the grooves, this will give you the true diameter the bullet should be.

Donna :wink:
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Offline revolverman

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reloading the 7.62X54
« Reply #2 on: January 10, 2004, 05:47:15 PM »
According to Barnes' Cartridges of the World (p.291 8th Edition)7.62x53Rmm, and 7.62x54Rmm are one and the same cartridge.  Proper  bullet size is .309-.311 inches, but .308 bullets will work just fine.

Offline kevin.303

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reloading the 7.62X54
« Reply #3 on: January 12, 2004, 07:14:23 AM »
phew! thats what i wanted to hear. i got about 50 lbs of lead so i'll buy a .308 mold and split the lead with my SMLE and the M44
" oh we didn't sink the bismarck, and we didn't fight at all, we spent our time in Norfolk and we really had a ball. chasing after women while our ship was overhauled, living it up on grapefruit juice and sick bay alcohol"

Offline Larry Gibson

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reloading the 7.62X54
« Reply #4 on: January 12, 2004, 07:37:59 AM »
Quote from: kevin.303
phew! thats what i wanted to hear. i got about 50 lbs of lead so i'll buy a .308 mold and split the lead with my SMLE and the M44


kevin

Regardless of what Barnes Cartridges of the World says, odds are .308 bullets will not work "just fine".  The use of .308 bullets will work in a couple variations of the M91 MN and your M44 is not one of them.  If your .308 mould drops them out at .311 and you shoot them as cast you may get satisfactory accuracy but most new moulds drop the bullets at .309.  I would suggest you get the Lee C312-185-1R or the Lyman 314299 mould.  These will cast bullets of .312-.314.  Size them to a minimum of .312, lube with alox lube and shoot them about 170-1800 fps.  Either mould is perfect for your M44 and SMLE.  Either mould will also provide excellent results in '03 30-06s.


Larry Gibson

Offline Mikey

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7.62x54R
« Reply #5 on: January 12, 2004, 10:33:14 AM »
Hold it folks - we've been through this before.  The 7.62x54R is a .308 bore, not a .311.  Some of the chambers in these rifles are so, ummm, generous that folk feel they should use .311 boolets but that is not correct.  My Lyman manuals list the bore on these rifles as .308, not .311.  In some instances you may have wartime production variances that give you an overbore or an overly large chamber.  You should cast out your chamber and bore to determine the individual dimentions of your rifle and go from there.  HTH.  Mikey.

Offline Larry Gibson

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Re: 7.62x54R
« Reply #6 on: January 12, 2004, 01:56:33 PM »
Mikey

"Hold it folks - we've been through this before.  The 7.62x54R is a .308 bore, not a .311. "

Not sure when we've been through this before but the majority of M91s made by the Soviets and the Chinese are .311/.312 groove depth.  Lymans listing of the bore as .308 is a holdover from the US made M91s and some of the Soviet made M38s.  That designation has been in Lymans loading manuals from when most M91s in the US were the .308 Westinghouse made ones.  You will notice that the dimensions of the drawing in the older and pretty recent Lyman manuals are wrong also.  I suspect that Lyman continues, along with Sierra and Hornady to list the use of .308 bullets for the usual politically correct legal liability reasons.  Any who get any accuracy out of the larger Soviet and Chinese barrels are doing so with .310/.312 bullets.   Any of the better shooting milsurp ammo also has bullets of .310/.311 diameter.

I have not seen very many examples of "wartime production variance" manufacture especially the M44s imported of late and in almost new condition.  There is some variance in the chambers but that was usual for rimmed cartridges.  However all good or excellent Soviet bores that I have measured have all been within normal tolerance.  Well worn barrels are of another story of course.  I have cast many a M91 chamber and slugged many a bore in them.  Shooting .308 bullets, especially cast bullets, will produce patterns instead of groups in most of these barrels with .311/.312 groove depth barrels even though the  actual "bores" is .308.  Some Finns will shoot .308 bullets with some accuracy as the bores are .308 but they have deep grooves of .310/311.  The use of cast bullets should be, at a minimum, sized to the groove depth and not to the bore size.

For those who are not aware there is a difference between the "bore" and groove depth.  The bore is the size of the hole before the rifling is cut.  The Soviet designation of 7.62 differs from ours and leads to some confusion.  The 7.62 of the Soviet designation refers to the bore size and does not include the depth of grooves.  The 7.62 of US designation refers to the actual caliber of the bullet, i.e..308 and includes the depth of the grooves.  The actual bore size of US 7.62s is .300 not .308, probably why we refer to them as ".30 cals".

I stand by the recommendation of the Lee C312-185 and the Lyman .314299 for use in the M44.  I have shot thousands of them and know many others who shoot them in the M44 also.  I know of know one who has had any reasonable success with a .308 cast bullet in a M44.

Larry Gibson

Offline Mikey

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7.62x54R/.311/.308
« Reply #7 on: January 13, 2004, 04:32:34 AM »
Larry:  thanks for the response.  You may well be correct with the bore diameter on some of the newer production (pre/post wartime rifles) but the Lyman manuals I use also indicate that with some of those rifles there will be variations in bore diameter.  The concern they listed was with the use of larger bullets when the chambers had or did not have sufficient tolerance to use the larger bullet.

I'll stick by my original caveat that one should cast out both the chamber and bore to determine the best bullet size for the rifle.  If it turns out to be 308.  Fine.  If it turns out to be 311, fine.  If you shoot a 311 bullet through a 308 bore, you will not get the accuracy you want or expect and you will wear down the rifling more rapidly than expected.  Of course, there are pressure concerns as well.  If you shoot a 308 bullet through a 311 bore, you just loose your accuracy.  

The older Lyman manuals I have used for the last 40 some odd years have always advocated finding the correct chamber and bore dimentions on older milsurp firearms before you shoot them and I have always thought that to be the best advice one could ask for.  In that regard, I think I'll remain cautious.  And, I think that if you either page down through this site or the Mil-Surp site you will prolly find references to our earlier discussions on just this issue with this cartridge.  Just my two cents.  Mikey.

Offline Larry Gibson

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Re: 7.62x54R/.311/.308
« Reply #8 on: January 13, 2004, 05:29:30 AM »
Mikey

I have been reloading for probably as long as you.  I use the reloading manuals as a guide, not the absolute bible.  This is the advise ad directions they all used to say before this age of percieved overt legal liabilitities.  I work up loads using theold recommended techniques and do not get into trouble.  On several occasions, with some cartridges, I exceed the loads listed.  If some of us did not exceed those loads, in appropriate firearms, we would not have several of the very fine cartridges we have today that started as wildcats.  We also would not have the higher performance loads based on the .45 Colt or the 45-70.  We would not have the +P loadings for several pistol and revolver cartridges.

I am not looking for an arguement here, I'm just stating that reloading can be done safely by working up appropriate loads using the manuals as a guide.  The manuals have had and still have errors in them.  The Lyman statement regarding "the use of larger bullets when the chambers had or did not have sufficient tolerance to use the larger bullet." that is a good guide but it does not state that ALL the chambers will not take the .311/.312 bullets.  It only infers that some might not.  I've yet to see a M44 that wouldn't take a .311 bullet.  If the owner has any doubts there are several easy methods to determine if it will.

One of the problems we see more and more with new or inexperienced shooters is when they read statements that imply the manuals are the bible, the god's gospel and never to be exceeded is that they assume everything the manuals publish is safe. They will go straight to the max load published in a manual or on a web sight just about every time.  And why not? it's in the manual so it's safe, hell the experts say so.  I do not say the manuals are the "last" word, simply because they are not.  

It is ok with me that you stick to your original opinion; "I'll stick by my original caveat that one should cast out both the chamber and bore to determine the best bullet size for the rifle.  If it turns out to be 308.  Fine.  If it turns out to be 311, fine."  However, that is not what you said in your post.  You stated equivicably that "we have determined" that 7.62x54Rs were .308 bores.  Most are not and that is what I said.

As a side note or perhaps the theme of a different thread; " If you shoot a 311 bullet through a 308 bore, you will not get the accuracy you want or expect and you will wear down the rifling more rapidly than expected.  Of course, there are pressure concerns as well."  I wonder what diffinative evidence you have of that?  I have shot many thousands of .311 cast bullets through many .308 barrels with nary a sign of wear.  Has anyone really "worn" out a barrel with cast bullet loads? I shoot many many pulled .310/.311 SKS/AK bullets through a couple of .308s and '06s without any notice of wear.  Accuracy is as good and most often better than when fired out of .311/.312 barrels.  Would probably be an interesting discussion on those subjects.

"If you shoot a 308 bullet through a 311 bore, you just loose your accuracy."  There is no doubt about that point and THAT was exactly my point in my original response.  Complete agreement there.  

We should all be cautious and not use any loads that exceed the safe limits of the cartridge or firearm used.  However, the manuals do not contain ALL safe loads or loading  techniques.  The manuals are guides and darned good ones at that.  I believe all reloaders should have several (AND READ THEM) because what is explained in one may not be in another and they also point out different loading methods and techniques.

By the way Mikey, I just got this .300 mugglesome, semi belted rebated rimless magnum based on a shortened, stretched and blown out gee whiz, hold a pound of powder case (oh yah, and the shoulder was changed from 40 degrees to 41 degrees).  Well I haven't got the rifle yet but I got a brochure from the dealer (really a drinking buddy who scratched the design last night on a table napkin in the local bar).  I am going to build it on a martini (is that the same company that makes the drink?) action because I watched Zulu when I was a kid and always wanted one.  Anyways, what is the max load with the best bullet I can load ( the most accurate too by the way) for shooting across canyons and as personal defenase against all these crazed mountain lions, grizzley bears and othe ferocious beasts when I go jogging downtown in the city park?  I would look it up in a manual but by the time I read it the data would be obsolete and anyways, what are these forums for anyway?  Can you also tell me how much the change from 40 degrees to 41 degrees on the shoulder will tighen my group at 1000 yards?  Will there be a zero difference if i swtch fro 110 gr bullets to 250 gr bullets and is there one powder I can use in it and my .410 derringer which I want to start reloading for too.  Should I get a progressive press for the derringer as I see they are popular with competition shooters?  Just one more quick question; who makes the mount to put the new Bushnell lazer range finder binoculars on the Martini?  I thought I would have a mil-dot reticle put in it for range finding and then I could have binoculars, range finder and scope in one package on the rifle. Sure would be handy (maybe "scout"ish) having all three in one package and not having to swtch between them when being charged while jogging would be a great Idea, don't you think?  Ok, I know you're busy but one last thing;  I've got two hundred bucks now and will get another hundred from my taxes so can you name the best custom gunsmith who can build my rifle for that?  

Now don't we just love those questions:-)

Larry Gibson

Offline Larry Gibson

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Re: reloading the 7.62X54
« Reply #9 on: January 13, 2004, 05:58:39 AM »
kevin.303

Please don't think my tongue in cheek satire of that last paragraph to Mikey was directed at you.  It was not.  Your question was sensible, direct and to the point, whether or not to use a .311 or .308 cast bullet in your M44.  Those are the type I like to answer.  Please let us know the results you have.

Larry Gibson

Offline revolverman

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reloading the 7.62X54
« Reply #10 on: January 13, 2004, 07:17:30 AM »
Kevin, we'll let these guys duke it out... you will never get match grade accuracy from .308 bullets in your M44, but they will go boom and they will hit the target.   As long as you faithfully follow a good reloading manual, they will not cause damage to your gun.  They will actually cause less barrel wear than an oversized projectile.  They will also be much cheeper for you to cast than buying the new equipment you will need to cast a different size bullet.  So load a bunch up, and go have fun with them, but just know that they might not be a accurate as a .311 bullet (might group 5'' instead of 2'' at a hundred yards)  But when your blasting at 5 gallon buckets who really cares anyway!?!?!!

Offline Mikey

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Larry, Larry
« Reply #11 on: January 13, 2004, 09:07:36 AM »
Quick Larry - send me the $200, mount the laser rangefinder/scope on the Martini, load in 4 olives over the entire pound of powder (no red things though), set up the progressive for the derringer, muggle 300 of dem gee whizs, reload another martini er 4 and we'll find a gunsmith who will hold the target at 1K to determine zero changes on half weight boolets.  Mikey.   :-D

Offline Larry Gibson

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Re: Larry, Larry
« Reply #12 on: January 13, 2004, 09:38:22 AM »
I'm ready Mikey, I could use a good drink the way things are going today!  LOL though, enjoyed the conversation and diversion.

Larry Gibson

Offline kevin.303

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reloading the 7.62X54
« Reply #13 on: January 13, 2004, 09:54:30 AM »
as long it's in the kill zone of a deer at 100 yards accuracy isn't a concern i bought this mainly for plinking at cans and milk jugs.i already have the lee.311-185r mold but i'll get a gunsmith to look at it before i start handloads. i'm going to get some bulk from cabela's so handloads would be more of an occasional experiment then anything.
" oh we didn't sink the bismarck, and we didn't fight at all, we spent our time in Norfolk and we really had a ball. chasing after women while our ship was overhauled, living it up on grapefruit juice and sick bay alcohol"

Offline Mikey

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7.62x54R/.311/.308
« Reply #14 on: January 14, 2004, 05:51:31 AM »
kevin303:  some of the commercial ammo for that 7.62x54R comes with 200 grain bullets.  The M44 my brother has shoots those pretty darn accurately.  He and I both like the S&B ammo - it groups better than the Wolfe ammo, but not by an awful lot.  It is also cleaner and reloadable.  Anywho, if you have a 185 gn mold for that rifle, you may also want to consider (when time and $ allows) the 205 gn cast bullet for the 303 Brit.  I don't think you would have to slow those down at all in your rifle and they should shoot fine.  HTH.  Mikey.

Hay Larry, belly up pal, I'll buy the first one.  BTW, thanks for some of those insights you provided, I will add them to the 'font' of knowledge and I want you to know that I appreciate being able to learn something new every day.  Mikey.

Offline The Shrink

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reloading the 7.62X54
« Reply #15 on: January 15, 2004, 01:48:05 AM »
Larry and Mikey

Thanks guys for an illuminating discussion that didn't get to personal attacks and stuck to the topic.  And ended in a shared drink!  Gee, I wish I was there to see that gunsmith who was willing to hold the target, but what happens to olives that are propelled buy a pound of powder?

Wayne the Shrink
Wayne the Shrink

There is no 'right' that requires me to work for you or you to work for me!

Offline Mikey

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Wayne
« Reply #16 on: January 15, 2004, 05:38:51 AM »
What happens to olives propelled by a pound of powder - they, ummm, shrink???  Mikey.

Offline Larry Gibson

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Re: Wayne
« Reply #17 on: January 15, 2004, 05:53:51 AM »
Mikey

"What happens to olives propelled by a pound of powder - they, ummm, shrink???  Mikey.[/quote]"

I'll bet they come apart slicker than a 55 gr SX at 3200 fps out of a 1-7 twist AR!!!

Larry Gibson

Offline Mikey

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Yer Prolly
« Reply #18 on: January 15, 2004, 10:17:41 AM »
right Larry - no good fer martinis then.   :(   Mikey.

Offline kevin.303

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reloading the 7.62X54
« Reply #19 on: January 16, 2004, 06:50:19 AM »
:-D  :-D i think you all have a screw loose!! :-D  :-D  :D
" oh we didn't sink the bismarck, and we didn't fight at all, we spent our time in Norfolk and we really had a ball. chasing after women while our ship was overhauled, living it up on grapefruit juice and sick bay alcohol"

Offline Robert357

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0.310 to 0.311 depending
« Reply #20 on: January 17, 2004, 03:07:10 PM »
Dear LMG, Kevin303, etc.

I have an MN1891/30 that was built in 1939 at the Tula factory and was arsenal refinished.  I have slugged the bore, it is 0.310.  I picked it because of the excellent condition of the bore and stock from others at the store.  (Yes, most of my reloading manuals say to use 0.308 bullets, but they are giving bad advice now, but at a time when 0.310 bullets were unavailable and .311 bullets were real hard to come by it might have been a reasonable compromise.)

While I have been building up my supply of reloadable brass, I have been shooting a number of different brands of factory ammo (Wolf, Olympia, Winchester, Hotshot, S&B.)  Some of what I have shot is reloadable and some isn't.  What I do with one round from each brand of factory 7.62x54R ammo is pull a bullet with my Midway impact bullet puller and put it in a micrometer and then reassemble the bullet before I go to the range.

What I have found is that most of the medium to higher quality (not the surplus military ammo) has a max bullet diameter of 0.311.  Many like the Wolf Ammo have that .311 for just a very small band at the tail of the bullet and a major surface of the bullet at 0.310.  

Based on the above, I have opted in my reloading for 0.310, 0.3105 (yes they do make it) and 0.311 bullets in the 150 to 180 grain class.

There is an exception and that is cast lead bullets where I am trying (without much luch so far) to work up very light and reduced load 115 grain cast lead bullets with a diameter of 0.313

Kevin, if you are really a 303 fan, you should have lots of 0.311 bullets around.   Good luck and work up your rounds slowly, watching for overpressure.