I have a long brass rod that just fits down the barrel of a .22, brass won't hurt the rifling. I use a brass hammer and out they come. I also have them in .30 cal, .45 cal, and .50 cal. I hate going to a gunsmith. While working up subsonic loads I sometimes went too light, and needed to use those rods.
While I don't recommend it, have seen armorers use a polished steel rod on M-16s to remove hard stuck cases with no damage.