Yes, 'Whats best' often equates to the best bullet to do the job with a matched caliber in your gun cabinet.
There are monoliths, frangibles, Super Xplosives, soft points, hollow points, and a host of 'gimmicky' projectiles available out there,
so type and weight selection is part of it.
I think the .308 lends itself well to different loads, from 110gr to 185gr, then the 30/06 carries on a bit heavier.
No doubt there are other calibers that are similar, but .30cal seems to be a good allrounder.
I guess any caliber from 6mm to .30 cal could be loaded to a 'best for whitetail', (and probably a few others as well !)
Many travellers to Africa just shoot the one gun, from small antelope to the dangerous stuff, with a .375 .
Good to get to know the rifle you're going to have to use in a tight corner.
It generally just makes a larger entrance wound, without all the damage on exit.
Bit more expensive on the rounds, though !
The Africans do like their heavier, slower loads for shooting in the bush, and not damaging any meat.
Swampman, I don't know whether I'd call it 'modest' recoil though ?
Yes, Heavy barreled rifles are good off the bench, but a curse to lug about, as well !
As has been noted, it does depend on the application, and the terrain.
Most shots in thick woodland are generally at pretty close range, so no need for any of the 'wonder' new age calibers/cartridges.
Maybe just call me oldfashioned !
cheers,
SS