I've got to chime in here. Studies are being done to build THORIUM nuclear reactors. Thorium only has a half life of weeks instead of centuries. Thorium is more plentiful than Uranium. Thorium isn't as hot as Uranium or Plutonium, but as long as it makes steam for power it works. Germany has done the most experimentation on Thorium reactors. Thorium is also being considered for space power to Mars and beyond. Why, because the greatest danger is from launching, not actual deep space transportation. I predict future reactors will be thorium powered due to the short radiation half life of expended fuel. Wind and solar power alone CANNOT produce enough power for the entire US especially the areas outside the thinly populated plains states. We also have an 800 year supply of coal, a 200 year supply of natural gas, and a 200 year supply of oil (ON GOVERNMENT OWNED LAND) or offshore. Coal can be synthesised for diesel, natural gas, or methonol. Natural gas can be ran in vehicles. (I have driven one at my work), no difference in acceleration or power, just cleaner. Back to thorium. Japan is also studying the use of thorium to replace their nukes. Nukes produce 25% of the power in the US, natural gas now produces over 30%, coal 30 something %. Wind and solar only about 5%. Wind and solar could concievably produce 20-25%, but not much more in conpetition with fossil or nukes. Trouble with solar is cloudy days that can go for a long time in the east where most people live. Also in the east is not much consistant wind over 25mph to make wind competitive.
We could all live in underground or semi underground homes, but this will take several generations to build. Insulation works but only so far. Trouble is most liberals in their utopian la la land don't realise that with 175 million plus vehicles using gasoline or diesel, having a power, natural gas, and liquid fuel infrastructure that took over 100 years to build. We ain't going to do away with fossil fuels for the next 50-100 years. Nasa is working on a way to make natural gas (for rocket fuel on Mars) out of carbon dioxide and water. It can be done, but it takes a lot of electric power (solar or nuclear).
There are a lot of ways America can achieve energy independence.
1) drilling everywhere possible for oil and natural gas.
2) using coal and working on synthetic liquid fuel from coal.
3) using wind on the plains states and solar in the southwest where PRACTICAL.
4) digging into the old patents that were bought up by oil companies to improve gas mileage, and due to national energy emergency, release the patents.
5) moving to thorium reactors to eventually replace the uranium and plutonium reactors. (oh and by the way, Thorium cannot be made into bombs).
We can be energy independent within 10 years by getting started now.
Another thing, there is a 30,000 year supply of natural gas in hydrates deep in the ocean. Japan is now working to mine these off their coast. If it works, the US has an abundant supply in the Bermuda triangle.
I have a book at home, will have to look it up, but the US can supply a population the size of China with our same standard of living with the resources we already have.