de_lok, very nice job on the cannon restoration, looks great.
On the resin casting, you will probably have better luck casting it vertically. Put the small end of the pattern down and put the sprue on one side at the top and a small vent on the other side. The sprue should be at least 1/4 inch in diameter or larger - the bigger the better-. You want to have a continuous pour when you pour metal and a small sprue will usually cause a spill or break in the stream of metal. It's also a good idea to incorporate a sprue in the mold when you make it, saves work cutting one later.
Rubber molds are flexible no matter how thick they are and will flex to some degree after the pattern is removed no matter what you do. I cast a stiffener on the rubber mold after the rubber hardens using plaster of paris to hold the rubber mold from flexing. In the third picture down in your post showing the mold making process, you show the box you use. That is the way I do it to. In that picture you have some room to spare in the box into which you can pour the plaster. I usually make four triangular depressions in the rubber mold, one in each corner for alignment points then pour in the plaster. Cast the plaster around one inch thick or more and add 1/4 inch mesh hardware cloth or stiff wire to the plaster so it won't break easily. You can also use plain portland cement instead of plaster. Do both sides of the mold like that and you have a mold that won't flex and is easier to use.
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